Enzymes Hydrolyzing Structural Components and Ferrous Ion Cause Rusty-root Symptom on Ginseng (Panax ginseng)

Lee, Chanyong; Kim, Kwang Yup; Lee, Joeun; Kim, Sunghan; Ryu, Dong-Kul; Choi, Jae Eul; An, Gilhwan

doi:10.4014/jmb.1008.08010

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, three of these five genera (Cylindrocarpon, Alternaria, and Fusarium) have been widely reported to be closely related to the occurrence of root diseases in medicinal plants of the genus Panax, such as P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolius. Root rot diseases of P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolius are due primarily to two species of Fusarium, F. solani, and F. oxysporum [62,63]; moreover, a soilborne pathogenic fungus of the genus Cylindrocarpon, C. destructans, can cause primary root rot or rusty root symptoms in ginseng (P. ginseng and P. notoginseng) [55,64]. A pathogenic species of the genus Alternaria, A. panax Whetz, causes Alternaria panax disease, one of the most commonly occurring and harmful diseases in ginseng (P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius) [13,56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Community Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Rusty Panax ginseng and Discovery of Pivotal Fungal Genera Associated with Rusty Roots

Wei

Wang

Cao

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Panax ginseng Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is severely threatened by rusty root, a condition that greatly affects its yield and quality. Studies investigating the relationship between soil microbial community composition and rusty roots are vital for the production of high-quality ginseng. Here, high-throughput sequencing was employed to systematically characterize changes in the soil microbial community associated with rusty roots. Fungal diversity was lower in the soils of rusty root-affected P. ginseng than in those of healthy plants. Importantly, principal coordinate analysis separated the fungal communities in the rhizosphere soils of rusty root-affected ginseng from those of healthy plants. The dominant bacterial and fungal genera differed significantly between rhizosphere soils of healthy and rusty root-affected P. ginseng, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) further indicated a strong imbalance in the soil microbial community of diseased plants. Significantly enriched bacterial genera (including Rhodomicrobium, Knoellia, Nakamurella, Asticcacaulis, and Actinomadura) were mainly detected in the soil of rusty root-affected P. ginseng, whereas significantly enriched fungal genera (including Xenopolyscytalum, Arthrobotrys, Chalara, Cryptococcus, and Scutellinia) were primarily detected in the soil of healthy plants. Importantly, five fungal genera (Cylindrocarpon, Acrophialophora, Alternaria, Doratomyces, and Fusarium) were significantly enriched in the soil of rusty root-affected plants compared with that of healthy plants, suggesting that an increase in the relative abundance of these pathogenic fungi (Cylindrocarpon, Alternaria, and Fusarium) may be associated with ginseng rusty roots. Additionally, this study is the first to report that an increase in the relative abundances of Acrophialophora and Doratomyces in the rhizosphere of P. ginseng may be associated with the onset of rusty root symptoms in this plant. Our findings provide potentially useful information for developing biological control strategies against rusty root, as well as scope for future screening of fungal pathogens in rusty roots of P. ginseng.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Community Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Rusty Panax ginseng and Discovery of Pivotal Fungal Genera Associated with Rusty Roots

Wei

Wang

Cao

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is mentioned in some studies that there was a close relationship between rusty roots and rhizosphere soil properties (Liu et al, 2014). Besides, microorganisms also play a key role in this disease as suggested in other studies that ginseng roots could be infected by putative pathogens, including both bacteria (Choi et al, 2005; Lee et al, 2011) and fungi (Rahman and Punja, 2005; Reeleder et al, 2006; Lu et al, 2015, 2019), and showed rusty symptom after inoculation of the isolates. However, there is no systematic research on the microbiome involved in the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The latter disease, also known as rusted roots or “the rust,” is characterized by small or large reddish-brown spots on the surface of ginseng roots (Supplementary Figure S1). It is widely reported in China, South Korea and Canada as a major cause of ginseng root deterioration at all stages (Hildebrand, 1934; Lee et al, 2011; Lu et al, 2015). Given the fact that ginseng roots are commercially graded according to their sizes, shapes and overall appearances, rusty root disease severely limits the output and quality of ginseng worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Microbiome Related to Rusty Roots of Panax ginseng and Evaluation of Antagonists Against Pathogenic Ilyonectria

Liu

Sun

2019

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plant roots host diverse microbes that are closely associated with root fitness. Currently, the relationship between microbes and rusty roots of Panax ginseng remains unclear. Here, we described the root-associated microbiome in rusty and healthy ginseng by metagenomic sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS regions. Being enriched in Diseased-roots (Dr) of ginseng and their rhizosphere soil, the fungus of Ilyonectria , was identified as the most probable cause of the disease after ITS analysis. Meanwhile, an increase of Mortierella was observed in Healthy-roots (Hr). Surprisingly, an enriched Fusarium was found in both Hr and their rhizosphere soil. Besides, in comparison with Hr, decreased relative abundance of Actinomycetales and increased relative abundance of Pseudomonadales was observed in Dr after 16S rRNA analysis. What’s more, we isolated several microorganisms as antagonists that showed strong inhibiting effects on Ilyonectria in plate assays. In field trials, inoculation of Bacillus sp. S-11 displayed apparent suppression effect against Ilyonectria and shifted microbial communities in rhizosphere soil. Our research identified key microbiota involved in rusty roots of P. ginseng and offered potential biocontrol solutions to rusty disease.

show abstract

“…A variety of enzymes were used to hydrolyze plant structural materials and make ginseng roots rusty. Fe 3+ , combined with pectinase, had a synergistic effect on the formation of rust roots in ginseng 5 . Current studies suggest that ginseng rusty root symptom is related to soil acidity and alkalinity, water content, and metal element content, as well as the accumulation and oxidation of phenolic compounds in roots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparative analysis of rhizosphere soil physiochemical characteristics and microbial communities between rusty and healthy ginseng root

Bian

Shuhua

Zhao

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ginseng rusty root (GRR) symptom is one of the primary diseases of ginseng. There has been a problem of ginseng rusty root, leading to a severe decline in the quality of ginseng. To clarify the relationship between root symptoms of ginseng rust and soil, the physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, community structure and microbial diversity of GRR and healthy ginseng (HG) rhizosphere soil were analyzed and compared. The pH and redox potential (Eh) of GRR soil decreased, and the contents of total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) decreased. The activity of catalase and phosphatase and invertase was lower than that of HG groups. Besides, the microbial community of GRR rhizosphere soil changes much, and its abundance and diversity are significantly reduced. The community structure of GRR rhizosphere soil also shows apparent differences, and the samples of the HG group gathered together, and the samples of the GRR group were dispersed. In general, GRR was closely associated with decreases in soil pH and Eh; decreases in TP, AP, and AK; decreases in the activity of several enzymes. Additionally, it is strongly associated with an increase in pathogenic microorganisms such as Ilyonectria and a reduction of beneficial microorganisms such as Tremellomycetes Acidobacteria subgroup 6 and Gemmatimonadetes.

show abstract

Enzymes Hydrolyzing Structural Components and Ferrous Ion Cause Rusty-root Symptom on Ginseng (Panax ginseng)

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Microbial Community Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Rusty Panax ginseng and Discovery of Pivotal Fungal Genera Associated with Rusty Roots

Microbial Community Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Rusty Panax ginseng and Discovery of Pivotal Fungal Genera Associated with Rusty Roots

Deciphering Microbiome Related to Rusty Roots of Panax ginseng and Evaluation of Antagonists Against Pathogenic Ilyonectria

Comparative analysis of rhizosphere soil physiochemical characteristics and microbial communities between rusty and healthy ginseng root

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About