Enzymes for Nutritional Enrichment of Agro-Residues as Livestock Feed

Ugwuanyi, J. Obeta

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802392-1.00010-1

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Based on the site of dephosphorylation, phytases are divided into 3-phytases (EC 3.1.3.8), 6-phytases (EC 3.1.3.26) and 5-phytases (E.C.3.1.3.72), which hydrolyse the first phosphate group at the C3, C6 and C5 positions, respectively. 16,17 Depending on the optimum pH for activity, phytases can be characterised as acidic, neutral or alkaline. They can also be classified according to their catalytic mechanism into histidine acid phytases (EC 3.1.3.2), ⊎-propeller phytases (EC 3.1.3.8), cysteine phytases or purple acid phytases (EC 3.1.3.2) and protein tyrosine phosphatase-like phytases (for details, see Balwani et al 16 and Li et al 18 ).…”

Section: The Substrate Phytic Acid and The Enzyme Phytasementioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro assays for evaluating phytate degradation in non‐ruminants: chances and limitations

Sommerfeld

Santos

2021

J Sci Food Agric

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The positive effects of phytases on the environment, animal welfare and animal feed costs have resulted in the continuous development and improvement of these enzymes in the non-ruminant feed market. To test the efficacy of these phytases, a large number of experimental animals are necessary, antagonising the animal welfare aspect of these enzymes. In the present review, we summarise the most prominent available in vitro assays for evaluating phytase enzymes and how far they can reduce the number of in vivo experiments. Several in vitro assays exist that differ in their setup, extent and conditions depending on the animal of interest and the research question. With the in vitro assays described, it is not possible to fully replace in vivo trials. However, for the investigation of phytase effects in feedstuffs, the use of an in vitro assay has several advantages. In vitro assays have the potential to be used for ranking feed enzymes and as screening tools. Applying in vitro protocols will result in a reduction in the number of animals or treatments usually necessary for an in vivo trial, thus acting towards the three Rs.

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Section: The Substrate Phytic Acid and The Enzyme Phytasementioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro assays for evaluating phytate degradation in non‐ruminants: chances and limitations

Sommerfeld

Santos

2021

J Sci Food Agric

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“…Pectinases, amylases, cellulase, galactosidases, β glucanases, xylanases, associated enzyme phytases, proteases, and lipases are commonly used exogenous enzymes in the animal feed industry (Table 5) (196,197,207). These exogenous enzymes are mainly used in monogastric animals like poultry and swine (208).…”

Section: Enzymes As Feed Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Feed Additives as Antibiotic Alternatives in Broiler Production

et al. 2022

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This article aimed to describe the current use scenario, alternative feed additives, modes of action and ameliorative effects in broiler production. Alternative feed additives have promising importance in broiler production due to the ban on the use of certain antibiotics. The most used antibiotic alternatives in broiler production are phytogenics, organic acids, prebiotics, probiotics, enzymes, and their derivatives. Antibiotic alternatives have been reported to increase feed intake, stimulate digestion, improve feed efficiency, increase growth performance, and reduce the incidence of diseases by modulating the intestinal microbiota and immune system, inhibiting pathogens, and improving intestinal integrity. Simply, the gut microbiota is the target to raise the health benefits and growth-promoting effects of feed additives on broilers. Therefore, naturally available feed additives are promising antibiotic alternatives for broilers. Then, summarizing the category, mode of action, and ameliorative effects of potential antibiotic alternatives on broiler production may provide more informed decisions for broiler nutritionists, researchers, feed manufacturers, and producers.

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“…They also maintain intestinal health; in addition, the digestion process overcomes the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. They are added separately or as multienzyme preparations at all stages of ruminant and non-ruminant growth [1,4,9,10].…”

Section: Enzymes As Zootechnical Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food security is a current challenge in most parts of the world, where the need to increase the intensive production of farm animals for the generation of meat, milk and eggs is a priority; however, to achieve this, it is necessary for the animals to consume nutritious and highly digestible feed, and their diet should not compete with humans' [1]. Traditionally, depending on the geographic location, animal feed has been based on grains, forages and silage, among others, but the need to improve the costs of feeding and animal production has led to the search for new ingredients for this purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Enzymes as Zootechnical Additives in Animal Feed: A Review

et al. 2021

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Enzymes are widely used in the food industry. Their use as a supplement to the raw material for animal feed is a current research topic. Although there are several studies on the application of enzyme additives in the animal feed industry, it is necessary to search for new enzymes, as well as to utilize bioinformatics tools for the design of specific enzymes that work in certain environmental conditions and substrates. This will allow the improvement of the productive parameters in animals, reducing costs and making the processes more efficient. Technological needs have considered these catalysts as essential in many industrial sectors and research is constantly being carried out to optimize their use in those processes. This review describes the enzymes used in animal nutrition, their mode of action, their production and new sources of production as well as studies on different animal models to evaluate their effect on the productive performance intended for the production of animal feed.

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Enzymes for Nutritional Enrichment of Agro-Residues as Livestock Feed

Cited by 11 publications

References 93 publications

In vitro assays for evaluating phytate degradation in non‐ruminants: chances and limitations

In vitro assays for evaluating phytate degradation in non‐ruminants: chances and limitations

Potential Feed Additives as Antibiotic Alternatives in Broiler Production

Exogenous Enzymes as Zootechnical Additives in Animal Feed: A Review

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