Enzymes, Enolate Reductases “Old Yellow Enzyme”

Abstract

Reported enoate reductase activity is mostly displayed by enzymes belonging to the “Old Yellow Enzyme” family of flavoproteins. They have received increased interest over the last couple of years due to their huge potential in biocatalysis. These FMN‐containing enzymes catalyze the asymmetric reduction of activated C═C bonds at the expense of a nicotinamide cofactor, producing up to two chiral centers. They are also involved in other reductive processes, such as cleavage of nitrate esters, reduction of aromatic nitro groups, and even reduction of alkynes. Increasing knowledge about this family of biocatalysts together with recent advances in biotechnology render the enoate reductases a tool of choice for industrial applications, as catalyzed reactions are usually chemo‐, regio‐ and stereo‐selective, and the enzymes most importantly display a wide substrate spectrum. With enzymatic reactions and mechanisms being generally clearly understood, the efficient production of a number of enantiopure compounds via recycling of the cofactor is now feasible.

A highly efficient ADH‐coupled NADH‐recycling system for the asymmetric bioreduction of carbon‐carbon double bonds using enoate reductases

“…Previous studies have shown that the majority of enoate reductases accept both NADH and NADPH at similar rates (Hall et al, 2010). In order to examine the potential of the 2-propanol/ADH-A system for the recycling of NADH, YqjM from Bacillus subtilis (Kitzing et al, 2005) and NCR from Zymomonas mobilis (Müller et al, 2007) were applied for the bioreduction of various substrates.…”

Non-Conventional Yeasts Whole Cells as Efficient Biocatalysts for the Production of Flavors and Fragrances

“…Biotransformation of suitable precursors is an attractive, sustainable and cost-effective alternative to “chemical” reduction: the biocatalytic analog relies on ERs to perform the reduction of activated C=C bonds. ERs are Flavine MonoNucleotide (FMN)-dependent enzymes belonging to the so-called “old yellow enzyme” (OYE) family, and have been intensely investigated over the past years in view of their applicability in preparative-scale biotransformations [80,81,82].…”

Enantioenriched Compounds via Enzyme-Catalyzed Redox Reactions

“…The diversity of activating groups accepted by OYEs has led to the development of a remarkable range of chiral compounds that could potentially be used as building blocks in the synthesis of larger molecules. Comprehensive reviews have been published recently. , …”