Enzymes as an environmental bottleneck in cellulosic ethanol production: Does on-site production solve it?

Nogueira, Guilherme Pessoa; Capaz, Rafael Silva; Franco, Telma Teixeira; Dias, Margarida; Cavaliero, Carla Kazue Nakao

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133314

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this part of LCA model, the α-amylase is produced by biological fermentation using glucose as the feedstock, and the process boundary is from cradle to gate. The main data sources are the GREET database and the literature (Dunn et al, 2012 ; Nogueira et al, 2022 ). The data used in this study represents industry average data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation improvement of a concentrated enzyme detergent for high-speed rail trains through life cycle assessment methodology

Yang

Gong

et al. 2023

Environ Dev Sustain

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High-speed rail has been operating in more than 25 countries (mainly in Asia, Europe and North America), and has become an important part of global economic development. However, the cleaning and maintenance of high-speed rail is a comprehensive task, which may easily cause environmental pollution. This study aims to analyze and improve the sustainability of the formulation and production process of a concentrated complex enzyme detergent used as the maintenance agent for high-speed trains via the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The eFootprint software system with built-in China, European and Swiss Ecoinvent databases was used to establish the LCA model with the system boundary being from cradle to gate. The LCA model showed that the production of 1 kg of concentrated detergent generates the global warming potential of 2.53 kg CO 2 eq, and other environmental emissions including acidification potential of 0.01 kg SO 2 eq, eutrophication potential of 3.76E-03 kg PO 4 3− eq, inhalable inorganic matter of 3.17E-03 kg PM2.5 eq, ozone depletion potential of 5.3E-06 kg CFC-11 eq, photochemical ozone formation potential of 3.44E-03 kg NMVOC eq, primary energy demand of 3.17 MJ, abiotic depletion potential of 4.97E-6 kg antimony eq, and water use of 0.84 kg. LCA results are not strongly dependent to the assumptions of the research, and the uncertainties of LCA results are between 8 and 16%, which is mainly due to the regional differences in technology sources, the year of technical data collection, and the representativeness of technology collection companies. Carbon footprint analysis showed that the production processes of enzyme stabilizer (glycerol) and surfactants contributed the most, while changes in power consumption during production and transportation distance of raw materials had limited effect on total carbon emissions. Therefore, the formulation of the concentrated complex enzymatic detergent was improved based on the LCA results. The new formulations with less enzyme stabilizer showed similar detergency to the original formulation. The new formulations could reduce carbon emissions by 5,500–9,200 tons per year and save between $4.4 and $7.4 million in annual production of 10,000 tons. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-023-03122-2.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation improvement of a concentrated enzyme detergent for high-speed rail trains through life cycle assessment methodology

Yang

Gong

et al. 2023

Environ Dev Sustain

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“…During the whole process of bioethanol production, the EP has the greatest impact. In the production of bioethanol, the enzymatic hydrolysis stage has the greatest impact (accounting for 52.13-53.26% of the production stage), which is caused by the addition of cellulase during the enzymatic hydrolysis process [38]. Unlike with the GWP and AP, the proportion of corn cobs in the enzymatic hydrolysis stage of bioethanol production is the highest (53.26%), accounting for 49.00% of the whole process, fitting within the 40-50% range described by Espada et al [39].…”

Section: Environment Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Life Cycle Assessment and Performance Comparison of Bioethanol Production from Various Biomass Feedstocks

Yin,

Huhe,

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Bioethanol, as a renewable energy source, has been widely used in the energy sector, particularly in replacing traditional petroleum energy, and holds great potential. This study involves a whole life cycle assessment of bioethanol production and the co-production of high-value by-products—xylose, lignin, and steam—using three types of waste biomass: corn cobs, corn straw, and wheat straw as feedstocks by chopping, pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation methods. Secondly, the benefits of three raw materials are compared for preparing bioethanol, and their impact on the environment and energy production is analyzed. The comparison indicates that corn cobs offer the best overall benefits, with a net energy balance (NEB) of 6902 MJ/Mg of ethanol and a net energy ratio (NER) of 1.30. The global warming potential (GWP) is 1.75 × 10−2, acidification potential (AP) is 1.02 × 10−2, eutrophication potential (EP) is 2.63 × 10−4, photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) is 3.19 × 10−8, and human toxicity potential (HTP) is 1.52 × 10−4. This paper can provide a theoretical reference and data supporting the green refining of bioethanol and the high-value utilization of by-products, and broaden its application prospects.

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“…Although mechanically simpler than SHF, SSF still requires purchase or separate manufacturing of enzymes. The capital and operating costs of SSF can be reduced if enzymes are produced onsite while also reducing the overall environmental impact (Nogueira et al, 2022).…”

Section: Frontiers In Energy Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of sugars from lignocellulosic biomass via biochemical and thermochemical routes

Brown,

Lindstrom,

Ghosh

et al. 2024

Front. Energy Res.

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Sugars are precursors to the majority of the world’s biofuels. Most of these come from sugar and starch crops, such as sugarcane and corn grain. Lignocellulosic sugars, although more challenging to extract from biomass, represent a large, untapped, opportunity. In response to the increasing attention to renewable energy, fuels, and chemicals, we review and compare two strategies for extracting sugars from lignocellulosic biomass: biochemical and thermochemical processing. Biochemical processing based on enzymatic hydrolysis has high sugar yield but is relatively slow. Thermochemical processing, which includes fast pyrolysis and solvent liquefaction, offers increased throughput and operability at the expense of low sugar yields.

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Enzymes as an environmental bottleneck in cellulosic ethanol production: Does on-site production solve it?

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Formulation improvement of a concentrated enzyme detergent for high-speed rail trains through life cycle assessment methodology

Formulation improvement of a concentrated enzyme detergent for high-speed rail trains through life cycle assessment methodology

Research on Life Cycle Assessment and Performance Comparison of Bioethanol Production from Various Biomass Feedstocks

Production of sugars from lignocellulosic biomass via biochemical and thermochemical routes

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