Enzymes and Enzyme Inhibitors—Applications in Medicine and Diagnosis

Geronikaki, Athina; Eleftheriou, Phaedra

doi:10.3390/ijms24065245

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Enzyme inhibition is essential for regulating metabolic pathways in the body and can provide therapeutic benefits on the treatment of various diseases and medical conditions [29,30] . Enzyme inhibitors are widely used in medicine to treat different diseases [31] . The selective inhibition of specific enzymes can provide therapeutic benefits and has the potential to be developed for new treatments in the future.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[29,30] Enzyme inhibitors are widely used in medicine to treat different diseases. [31] The selective inhibition of specific enzymes can provide therapeutic benefits and has the potential to be developed for new treatments in the future. Finding safe and effective enzyme inhibitors that can potentially serve as drug candidates is crucial for various disease treatments.…”

Section: Inhibition Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro and in Silico Studies of 3‐Hydroxyflavone‐Based Sulfonate Esters: Potent Acetylcholinesterase, Carbonic Anhydrase and α‐Glycosidase Inhibitors

Guney,

Aggul,

Erturk

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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In this study, a novel series of sulfonate esters derived from 3‐hydroxyflavone was synthesized and their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α‐glycosidase (AG), and carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and II) enzymes were investigated using experimental and molecular docking analyses. The synthesis involved the reaction of 3‐hydroxyflavone with tosyl chloride, mesytl chloride, β‐naphthylsulfonyl chloride, and 8‐quinolinesulfonyl chloride. The characterization of each compound was confirmed by obtaining 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectra. Furthermore, IC50 and Ki values for the synthesized compounds were calculated and compared to the clinical enzyme inhibitors. Our results showed that the synthesized compounds exhibited inhibition against the targeted enzymes, with Ki values ranging from 1.92 to 4.16 nM for AChE, 32.40 to 55.49 nM for AG, 9.45 to 65.53 nM for hCA I, and 76.62 to 163.33 nM for hCA II. The compound involved quinolinesulfonyl moiety demonstrated especially potent inhibition with IC50 values of 3.96 nM for AChE, 32.40 nM for AG, 9.50 nM for hCA I, and 76.62 nM for hCA II. The docking results aligned well with our experimental findings. The findings have promising implications for the development of novel inhibitors and drug discovery efforts in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inhibition Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and in Silico Studies of 3‐Hydroxyflavone‐Based Sulfonate Esters: Potent Acetylcholinesterase, Carbonic Anhydrase and α‐Glycosidase Inhibitors

Guney,

Aggul,

Erturk

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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“…Typically, enzymes represent 20-30% of the whole proteome of an organism, e.g., 22% of all human proteins possess some degree of catalytic function, whereas this proportion is higher for Saccharomyces cerevisiae (27%) and Escherichia coli (38%) (based on data from the protein database UniProtKB) [3]. Enzyme research spans over various research fields, from basic to applied life sciences, such as medical [4], pharmaceutical [5], agricultural [6], and biotechnological fields [7]. Information regarding the structure, function, distribution, and molecular and kinetic properties of enzymes is therefore essential to understand how enzymes work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Databases in the Era of Omics and Artificial Intelligence

Prešern,

Goličnik

2023

IJMS

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Enzyme research is important for the development of various scientific fields such as medicine and biotechnology. Enzyme databases facilitate this research by providing a wide range of information relevant to research planning and data analysis. Over the years, various databases that cover different aspects of enzyme biology (e.g., kinetic parameters, enzyme occurrence, and reaction mechanisms) have been developed. Most of the databases are curated manually, which improves reliability of the information; however, such curation cannot keep pace with the exponential growth in published data. Lack of data standardization is another obstacle for data extraction and analysis. Improving machine readability of databases is especially important in the light of recent advances in deep learning algorithms that require big training datasets. This review provides information regarding the current state of enzyme databases, especially in relation to the ever-increasing amount of generated research data and recent advancements in artificial intelligence algorithms. Furthermore, it describes several enzyme databases, providing the reader with necessary information for their use.

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Recent Advances in Enzyme Inhibition: A Pharmacological Review

Singh,

Bhushan,

Mittal

et al. 2024

CEI

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Enzyme inhibition is a crucial mechanism for regulating biological processes and developing therapeutic interventions. This pharmacological review summarizes recent advances in enzyme inhibition, focusing on key developments and their implications for drug discovery and therapeutic strategies. It explains basic ideas, including the different kinds of inhibitors and how they work, and looks at recent advances in small-molecule inhibitor design, fragment-based drug discovery, and virtual screening techniques. The review also highlights the advances in targeting specific enzyme families, explaining the structural basis of enzyme-inhibitor interactions, optimizing inhibitor potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, and new trends in enzyme inhibition. The clinical implications of recent advances in enzyme inhibition include the development of novel therapeutic agents for diseases like cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. The review addresses challenges and future directions in the field, such as optimizing drug safety, resistance mechanisms, and personalized medicine approaches. Overall, the insights provided in this review may inspire further research and collaborations to accelerate the translation of enzyme inhibitors into effective clinical treatments.

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Enzymes and Enzyme Inhibitors—Applications in Medicine and Diagnosis

Abstract: This is the first part of a Special Issue on enzymes and enzymes inhibitors and their applications in medicine and diagnosis [...]

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

In Vitro and in Silico Studies of 3‐Hydroxyflavone‐Based Sulfonate Esters: Potent Acetylcholinesterase, Carbonic Anhydrase and α‐Glycosidase Inhibitors

In Vitro and in Silico Studies of 3‐Hydroxyflavone‐Based Sulfonate Esters: Potent Acetylcholinesterase, Carbonic Anhydrase and α‐Glycosidase Inhibitors

Enzyme Databases in the Era of Omics and Artificial Intelligence

Recent Advances in Enzyme Inhibition: A Pharmacological Review

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