Enzyme-supported oil extraction fromJatropha curcas Seeds

Abstract

Jatropha curcas is a tropical plant widely distributed in arid areas. The seeds contain about 55% of oil, which is mainly used for the production of soap as a fuel and after transesterification as biodiesel. Various methods for recovering of oil from the seeds, including extraction with organic solvents and water, have been investigated. Compared to hexane extraction (98%) the oil extraction using water only yielded 38% of the total oil content of the seeds. Using several cell wall degrading enzymes during aqueous extraction a maximum yield of 86% was obtained. The influence of cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic enzymes, as well as proteases was studied. The experiments were carried out at different pH-values and temperatures to find out the optimum for oil recovering using enzymes. , Surprisingly, the best results (86%) were obtained using an alkaline protease. Combinations of proteases with hemicellulases and/or cellulases did not further increase the extraction yield. The enzyme-supported aqueous extraction offers a nontoxic alternative to common extraction methods using organic solvents with reasonable yields.

Enhancing Jatropha oil extraction yield from the kernels assisted by a xylan-degrading bacterium to preserve protein structure

“…This is in good agreement with the Jatropha oil yield of 85.6% and 74% extracted by using protease of Alcalase (Novo Nordisk, Denmark) and Protizyme (Jaysons Agritech, India), respectively (Shah et al 2005; Winkler et al 1997). The use of Viscozyme (Novo Nordisk, Denmark) as a hemicellulase/cellulase formula gave a comparable oil yield of 70% (Winkler et al 1997). …”

Pressure Shockwaves to Enhance Oil Extraction fromJatropha CurcasL.

“…Based on experimental work conducted by Campbell and Pitcher (3), who observed that the amount of liquid is in a strong relation with the speed of the pressure shockwave, it was decided that the amount of the liquid must be observed in detail. Methanol (17,18) or n-hexane (extraction efficiency 98% [30]) are most frequently used solvents; however, there are concerns about the environmental impacts (1). Safe ethanol is generally a weak solvent, but its application accelerated by microwaves (8), reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration (6, 13) is well known.…”

“…Other authors (7,12,15) discuss similar values. Winkler et al (30) reported a yield of 38 % when there are no chemicals used. However, yields of 86 % may be achieved with hydrolysing enzymes (alkaline protease).…”

Optimisation of solid liquid extraction of jatropha oil using petroleum ether

“…Unlike its competitors, aqueous enzymatic extraction is eco‐friendly, does not require extensive energy for solvent separation and has less fire/explosion risks. Several researchers have exploited various enzymes to extract jatropha oil . Enzymatic extraction has also been combined with ultrasound and three‐phase partitioning to enhance oil recovery.…”

“…Several researchers have exploited various enzymes to extract jatropha oil. [9][10][11] Enzymatic extraction has also been combined with ultrasound [10] and three-phase partitioning [12] to enhance oil recovery. Recently, reactive extraction has been demonstrated whereby extraction and transesterification processes were performed in a single step.…”