Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Serological Survey of Getah Virus in Pigs

Hohdatsu, Tsutomu; Ide, Seiya; Yamagishi, H; Eiguchi, Yoshio; Nagano, Hideki; Maehara, Nobutoshi; Tanaka, Yoshio; Fujisaki, Yujiro; Yago, Keiji; Taguchi, Kunihiko; Inoue, Yoshimitsu; Matumoto, Minoru

doi:10.1292/jvms1939.52.835

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…An increase of high seroprevalence in pigs in the field was detected, and high virus titers were found in pigs infected experimentally with GETV, indicating that this species might be a natural reservoir and amplifiers of GETV (32)(33)(34). It has also been shown that GETV strains can circulate among pigs and horses simultaneously within the same region in Japan in 2015, and these were found to be closely related genetically (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Emergence and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Getah Virus Isolated in Southern China

Ren

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Getah virus (GETV) has caused many outbreaks in animals in recent years. Monitoring of the virus and its related diseases is crucial to control the transmission of the virus. In the summer of 2018, we conducted routine tests on clinical samples from different pig farms in Guangxi province, South China, and isolated and characterized a GETV strain, named GX201808. Cytopathic effects were observed in BHK-21 cells inoculated with GX201808. The expression of E2 protein of GETV could be detected in virus-infected cells by indirect immunofluorescence assays. Electron microscopic analysis showed that the virus particles were spherical and ~70 nm in diameter with featured surface fibers. The multistep growth curves showed the virus propagated well in the BHK-21 cells. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that GX201808 belongs to Group 3, represented by Kochi-01-2005 isolated in Japan in 2005, and it clustered closely with the recently reported Chinese strains isolated from pigs, cattle, and foxes. A comparison of the identities of nucleotides and amino acids in the coding regions demonstrated that the GX201808 showed the highest amino acid identity (99.6%) with the HuN1 strain, a highly pathogenic isolate resulting in an outbreak of GETV infection in swine herds in Hunan province in 2017. In the present study, GETV was identified and isolated for the first time in Guangxi province of southern China, suggesting that future surveillance of this virus should be strengthened.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Emergence and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Getah Virus Isolated in Southern China

Ren

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Many Old World viruses, including the Ross River, Barmah Forest, Mayaro, o'nyongnyong, chikungunya, and Sindbis viruses, cause an arthralgia syndrome (47,52), while encephalitis is caused by VEEV, eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), and western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) in the New World. In addition to causing febrile illness in equines, pigs, and calves, Getah virus has been reported to potentially induce abortion or stillbirth in pregnant sows (20,44). Highlands J virus causes dramatic decreases in egg production and mortality in domestic birds (13,70).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Relationships and Systematics of the Alphaviruses

Powers

Brault

Shirako

et al. 2001

J Virol

334

287

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Partial E1 envelope glycoprotein gene sequences and complete structural polyprotein sequences were used to compare divergence and construct phylogenetic trees for the genus Alphavirus. Tree topologies indicated that the mosquito-borne alphaviruses could have arisen in either the Old or the New World, with at least two transoceanic introductions to account for their current distribution. The time frame for alphavirus diversification could not be estimated because maximum-likelihood analyses indicated that the nucleotide substitution rate varies considerably across sites within the genome. While most trees showed evolutionary relationships consistent with current antigenic complexes and species, several changes to the current classification are proposed. The recently identified fish alphaviruses salmon pancreas disease virus and sleeping disease virus appear to be variants or subtypes of a new alphavirus species. Southern elephant seal virus is also a new alphavirus distantly related to all of the others analyzed. Tonate virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus strain 78V3531 also appear to be distinct alphavirus species based on genetic, antigenic, and ecological criteria. Trocara virus, isolated from mosquitoes in Brazil and Peru, also represents a new species and probably a new alphavirus complex.

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“…Pigs are regarded as natural hosts and amplifiers of Getah virus because of the high virus titers found in the viremic phase after experimental infection and the high seroprevalence among pigs in the field [ 4 , 15 , 16 ]. As described above, Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures, where our survey areas were located, are major producers of pigs in Japan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geospatial and temporal associations of Getah virus circulation among pigs and horses around the perimeter of outbreaks in Japanese racehorses in 2014 and 2015

et al. 2017

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BackgroundWe studied a recent epizootic of Getah virus infection among pigs in the southern part of Ibaraki Prefecture and the northern part of Chiba Prefecture, Japan, focusing on its possible association with outbreaks in racehorses in 2014 and 2015. The genomic sequence of a Getah virus strain from an infected pig was analyzed to evaluate the degree of identity with the strains from horses.ResultsSera were collected from pigs from September to December 2012 to 2015 in south Ibaraki (380 pigs in 29 batches), and from September to December 2010 to 2015 in north Chiba (538 pigs in 104 batches). They were examined by using a virus-neutralizing test for Getah virus. Seropositivity rates in 2012–2013 in south Ibaraki and 2010–2012 in north Chiba ranged from 0% to 1.6%. In south Ibaraki, seropositivity rates in 2014 (28.8%) and 2015 (65.0%) were significantly higher than those in the previous years (P < 0.01); 4/5 batches had positive sera in 2014 and 7/7 in 2015. In north Chiba, seropositivity rates in 2013 (14.1%), 2014 (17.8%), and 2015 (48.0%) were significantly higher than those in the previous years (P < 0.01); 6/27 batches had positive sera in 2013, 3/9 in 2014, and 5/5 in 2015. Complete genome analysis revealed that the virus isolated from an infected pig had 99.89% to 99.94% nucleotide identity to the strains isolated from horses during the outbreaks in 2014 and 2015.ConclusionsSerological surveillance of Getah virus in pigs revealed that the virus was circulating in south Ibaraki and north Chiba in 2014 and 2015; this was concomitant with the outbreaks in racehorses. The Getah virus strain isolated from a pig was closely related to the ones from horses during the 2014 and 2015 outbreaks. To our knowledge, this is the first convincing case of simultaneous circulation of Getah virus both among pigs and horses in specific areas.

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Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Serological Survey of Getah Virus in Pigs

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Emergence and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Getah Virus Isolated in Southern China

Emergence and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Getah Virus Isolated in Southern China

Evolutionary Relationships and Systematics of the Alphaviruses

Geospatial and temporal associations of Getah virus circulation among pigs and horses around the perimeter of outbreaks in Japanese racehorses in 2014 and 2015

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