Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for paraquat and its application to exposure analysis

Emon, Jeanette Van; Hammock, Bruce D.; Seiber, James N.

doi:10.1021/ac00121a057

Cited by 94 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The affinity of Ab1812 was also related to the steric structure of analytes; for example, compound 49 with a methyl at each side of 4-nitrophenol gave an 1 6 0 of 1820 nM, which is 28 times greater than that (64 nM) of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol. This key-lock principle has been observed in many immunoassays (Huber and Hock, 1985;Nagao et al, 1989;Newsome and Collins, 1989;Van Emon et al, 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for 4-nitrophenol and substituted 4-nitrophenols

Li¹,

Zhao²,

Gee³

et al. 1991

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for 4-nitrophenol and substituted 4-nitrophenols

Li¹,

Zhao²,

Gee³

et al. 1991

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…It is essential to understand and control the conditions and reactions that lead to the variable relative abundances of these ions if this technique is to become the basis for an environmental analytical method for these herbicides and related substances. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1996,7, 981-986 Existing analytical techniques for these herbicides include chemical reduction to produce derivatives amenable to gas chromatography [7], immunoassay [8), separation by CE with UV absorbance detection [9), and square-wave voltammetry [10). However all of the existing techniques are limited in their capabilities because they require an additional chemical derivatization step or special immunoassay reagents or use nonspecific detectors that are subject to false positive results.…”

Section: Capillary Electrophoresis Migration Time Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectra of the herbicides paraquat and diquat

Song¹,

Budde

1996

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The positive ion electrospray mass spectra of the quaternary ammonium salt herbicides paraquat and diquat are examined by on-line separation with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and by direct infusion of the analytes. The analytes are separated by CE in 7-10 min at pH 3.9 in 50% methanol-water by using several different separation buffer electrolytes. The capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization (CE-ES) mass spectra of paraquat and diquat consist primarily of doubly charged molecular ions, singly charged molecular ions, and singly charged deprotonated ions. The direct infusion spectra consist primarily of doubly charged molecular ions and singly charged deprotonated ions. The relative abundances of the doubly charged and deprotonated ions depend strongly on the presence or absence of ammonium ion in the CE separation buffer or the direct infusion solution. A deprotonation mechanism is proposed in which the free base ammonia is the deprotonating agent in the desolvating charged droplets or in the gas phase. The analytical potential of the CE-ES electrospray approach for environmental analyses is evaluated in terms of the precision of replicate injections, linear concentration range, and estimated detection limit.

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“…LC-MS is a promising technique but requires extensive instrumentation. Alternatively, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can satisfy the demands for faster, cheaper and more sensitive analytical methods for use in large scale field studies (Van Emon et al 1986), Koivunen et al (2005) reported an ELISA method for determining paraquat ion with an LOQ of 2 ng/mL in urine samples. The LOQ in urine with the ELISA method in this study is 5- to 25-fold more sensitive than the LOD levels in urine reported in previous paraquat biological monitoring studies (Chester and Woollen 1981; Staiff et al 1975; Swan 1969; Van Wendel de Joode et al 1996; Wojeck et al 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational paraquat exposure of agricultural workers in large Costa Rican farms

Lee

Park

Stoecklin-Marois

et al. 2008

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Objective-Paraquat is an herbicide widely used worldwide. This study determined the extent of occupational exposure to paraquat among farm workers in Costa Rica and identified determinants of occupational exposure.Methods-Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected from 119 paraquat handlers and 54 nonhandlers from banana, coffee and palm oil farms. Information about herbicide handling operations was also collected. The urinary paraquat levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a limit of quantiication (LOQ) of 2 ng/mL. Inhalable dust and airborne paraquat levels were simultaneously measured for a subset of the participants.Results-Urinary paraquat measurements were non-detectable or very low when workers did not handle paraquat. For handlers, 83.3, 47.1 and 63.9% of the samples were below the LOQ on before-, during-and after-paraquat spray days, respectively. The arithmetic mean (±SD) of urinary paraquat level on days when workers handled paraquat was 6.3 (±10.45) µg/24h. Paraquat exposures among handlers on spray day were significantly associated with the type of crop. © Springer-Verlag 2008Correspondence to: Kiyoung Lee. Conclusion-Non-handlers had negligible urinary paraquat, while detectable paraquat exposures were observed among handlers on spray day. Urinary paraquat levels were different by crop. NIH Public Access

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for paraquat and its application to exposure analysis

Abstract: several areas of potential concern. Paraquat spray drift of over 200 m from the source can severely damage nontarget plants ( 20). An EPA advisory opinion regarding paraquat use

Cited by 94 publications

References 37 publications

Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for 4-nitrophenol and substituted 4-nitrophenols

Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for 4-nitrophenol and substituted 4-nitrophenols

Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectra of the herbicides paraquat and diquat

Occupational paraquat exposure of agricultural workers in large Costa Rican farms

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