Enzyme Inhibitory Properties, Antioxidant Activities, and Phytochemical Profile of Three Medicinal Plants from Turkey

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of three medicinal plants (Hedysarum varium, Onobrychis hypargyrea, and Vicia truncatula) from Turkey against key enzymes involved in human pathologies, namely, diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), neurodegenerative disorders (tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase), and hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase). The antioxidant potential, phenolic and flavonoid content of ethyl acetate, and methanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated using in vitro assays. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH•), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal chelating activity on ferrous ions were used to evaluate the antioxidant capabilities of the extracts. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the extracts on cholinesterase, tyrosinase, and α-amylase were significantly higher than the references, galantamine, kojic acid, and acarbose, respectively. The half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of the extracts on TAC, CUPRAC, and FRAP were significantly higher than trolox. The phenol and flavonoid contents of the plant extracts were in the range 20.90 ± 0.190–83.25 ± 0.914 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 1.45 ± 0.200–39.71 ± 0.092 mg rutin equivalent/g extract, respectively. The plants were found to possess moderate antioxidant capacities and interesting inhibitory action against key enzymes.

Content of bioactive compounds in the peach kernels and their antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-aging properties

“…In turn, the inhibition of BuChE was from 0.92 to 11.31 mg/mL and as in the case of inhibition of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase the strongest inhibition against the enzymes was shown by the kernels isolated from the early-maturing, while the weakest ones by the kernels from the late-maturing cultivars. The inhibiting potential of the analyzed kernels against AChE was similar to that measured by Zengin et al [41] in medicinal plants (Hedysarum varium, Onobrychis hypargyrea and Vicia truncatula), but poorer than in plants of the Lamiaceae family (menthe, sweet balm, origanum) [42]. In turn, peach kernels showed a higher inhibiting potential toward BuChE, compared to the above-mentioned medicinal plants [41].…”

“…The inhibiting potential of the analyzed kernels against AChE was similar to that measured by Zengin et al [41] in medicinal plants (Hedysarum varium, Onobrychis hypargyrea and Vicia truncatula), but poorer than in plants of the Lamiaceae family (menthe, sweet balm, origanum) [42]. In turn, peach kernels showed a higher inhibiting potential toward BuChE, compared to the above-mentioned medicinal plants [41].…”

“…In the brain, there are two main forms of cholinesterases-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) [16]. AChE is found in all excitable tissues (nerve, muscle or in erythrocytes), while BuChE is present in the body, including the nervous system, plasma and liver [41]. Inhibiting the two enzymes was the best established approach to treat AD currently, so the inhibition effect of AChE and BuChE from peach kernels was determined ( Table 3).…”

Changes of peach juices during the shelf‐life and their in vitro effect on glycolipid digestion and neurotransmitter metabolism

“…Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) are two main forms of cholinesterases, which take part in the termination of nerve impulse transmission at the cholinergic synapses by rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh). AChE is found in all excitable tissues, while BuChE is present in the body, including the nervous system, plasma and liver (Zengin et al ., ). Excessive hydrolysis of acetylcholine and butyrylcholine is one of the causes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), ataxia, or Parkinson's disease.…”

<i>Dalbergia ecastaphyllum</i> leaf extracts: <i>in vitro</i> inhibitory potential against enzymes related to metabolic syndrome, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases

“…Diverse substances found in the plants, such as phenolic acids, flavonols and flavonones, are reported to have the capacity to modulate the physiological effects of enzymes related to several diseases namely diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammation (Lunagariya, Patel, Jagtap, & Bhutani, 2014;Zengin et al, 2015;Im, Nguyen, Choi, & Lee, 2016).…”