Enzyme in der organischen Synthese

Whitesides, George M.; Wong, Chi‐Huey

doi:10.1002/ange.19850970804

Cited by 133 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 283 publications

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“…[1][2][3] The water generated during the reaction has to be removed from the locus of the reaction to shift the equilibrium to the product side. In the presence of water, the equilibrium is displaced to the reactant side and hydrolysis of the desired products takes place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Esterification in Aqueous Miniemulsions

Aschenbrenner

Weiss

Landfester

2009

Chemistry A European J

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Monoesters of various linear carboxylic acids (C7-C12) with omega-phenyl-labeled primary alcohols (C1-C5) were synthesized in aqueous miniemulsions with various lipases as biocatalysts. The reactants were dispersed in an aqueous solution of a nonionic surfactant to form long-term stable miniemulsions. The esterification of all of the systems could be catalyzed by the applied enzyme and yielded significant conversions of about 90%. The hydrophilicity of the reactants and the specificity of the enzyme toward the substrates determine the reaction velocity and the final conversion. As a model system the reaction of nonanoic acid and 3-phenylpropanol was extensively studied. Among various lipases, Lipase PS was determined to be the most effective, and for this reaction the parameters were optimized. A maximum conversion of 80% could be obtained in less than one hour of reaction time. In comparison with an acid-catalyzed esterification performed in miniemulsion with the same reaction parameters, the enzyme-catalyzed reaction showed a significantly faster conversion. The reactions proved that the application of the miniemulsion technique enables efficient direct enzyme-catalyzed esterification reactions from carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of large amounts of water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Esterification in Aqueous Miniemulsions

Aschenbrenner

Weiss

Landfester

2009

Chemistry A European J

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“…Enzymes are characterized by high substrate specifity, enantioselectivity and operation at ambient temperature [150]. Thus, enantioselective action of microorganisms and enzymes allows the resolution of racemic carnitine and derivatives (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of l-carnitine by microorganisms and isolated enzymes

Jung

Kleber

1993

Measurement and Control

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“…Phosphoenolpyruvat (PEP) [155] wird bei der Zuckernucleotidregeneration wegen der Hydrolysestabilität und des hohen Phosphorylierungspotenzials häufig als Phosphatquelle zugesetzt. Es sind aber auch verschiedene andere Systeme untersucht worden.…”

Section: Regeneration Von Zuckernucleotidenunclassified

Auf dem Weg zur automatisierten Oligosaccharid‐ Synthese

Hsu

Hung

et al. 2011

Angewandte Chemie

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Kohlenhydrate spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei biologischen Vorgängen. Das Fortschrittstempo der Kohlenhydratforschung ist jedoch relativ langsam, was unter anderem mit der Komplexität der Kohlenhydratstrukturen und dem Fehlen allgemein anwendbarer Synthesemethoden und Verfahren zur Untersuchung dieser Klasse von Biomolekülen zusammenhängt. Jüngste Fortschritte in der Synthese haben ergeben, dass viele dieser Probleme umgangen werden können. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir die Methoden, die entwickelt wurden, um mit den Herausforderungen kohlenhydratvermittelter biologischer Vorgänge umzugehen. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Entwicklung der automatisierten Synthese von Oligosacchariden gerichtet. Darüber hinaus werden auch Kohlenhydrat‐Mikroarrays und Impfstoffe auf Kohlenhydratbasis behandelt.

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Enzyme in der organischen Synthese

Cited by 133 publications

References 283 publications

Enzymatic Esterification in Aqueous Miniemulsions

Enzymatic Esterification in Aqueous Miniemulsions

Synthesis of l-carnitine by microorganisms and isolated enzymes

Auf dem Weg zur automatisierten Oligosaccharid‐ Synthese

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