Enzyme heterozygosity and developmental stability

Mitton, Jeffry B.

doi:10.4098/at.arch.95-44

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…We did not find evidence for such an interspecific correlation in our data (Pearson's r ϭ 0.04; n ϭ 203 species of birds). When based on a few loci, estimates of heterozygosity provide poor estimates of genome-wide genetic variation (18)(19)(20)(21). Therefore, we used only the proportion of polymorphic loci.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The degree of extra-pair paternity increases with genetic variability

Petrie

Doums

Møller

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

173

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The amount of extra-pair paternity in socially monogamous bird species varies from 0% to 76% extra-pair offspring. The causes of this remarkable interspecific variation are largely unknown, although intraspecific analyses suggest that females seek extra-pair matings to improve the genetic quality of their offspring. If this is a general explanation for the occurrence of extra-pair matings, then proportionally more females should seek to modify the paternity of their clutch when there is more variation among males in their genetic quality. Here we test this prediction in birds and show that interspecific variation in the proportion of extra-pair offspring is positively related to the proportion of polymorphic loci as measured by protein electrophoresis, even when controlling for potentially confounding variables. Genetic variability was also assessed, for sister pairs of species and populations differing significantly in extra-pair paternity, by using random priming, which provides an estimate of genome-wide diversity. We found that genetic diversity was higher in the populations with a higher level of extra-pair paternity. These results suggest that the amount of genetic variability in a population may be an important factor inf luencing mating patterns.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The degree of extra-pair paternity increases with genetic variability

Petrie

Doums

Møller

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

173

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“…The enzyme suite is identical to the ones studied in Austrian brown hare populations (Hartl et al 1993, 1995, Suchentrunk 1993, except for B-GAL and ACY-1, which have not been included in the current study.…”

Section: Samples Morphological and Biochemical-genetic Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dependence of developmental homeostasis on genetic variability is a contentious topic in evolutionary biology (eg Mitton and Grant 1984, Leary et al 1985, Palmer and Strobeck 1986, Leary et al 1992, Novak et al 1993, Hoffmann and Parsons 1994, Mitton 1995. Developmental homeostasis is expressed by fluctuating morphological asymmetry (FA) and genetic diversity commonly by allozyme heterozygosity (eg Palmer andStrobeck 1986, Zakharov 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allozyme heterozygosity and fluctuating asymmetry in brown hares Lepus europaeus introduced to New Zealand: Developmental homeostasis in populations with a bottleneck history

Canals

Rosenmann²,

Novoa³

et al. 1998

Acta Theriol.

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The effect of genetic variability as indicated by allozyme heterozygosity on developmental homeostasis as expressed by fluctuating morphological asymmetry (FA) is under current debate. Recent studies of brown hares Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778 in Austria (Hartl et al. 1995) revealed a negative relationship between FA and allozyme heterozygosity in non-metric but not in metric skull characters. We aimed to find out whether non-metric traits of brown hares are generally more prone to FA than metric, or whether metric traits also show increased FA in populations with drastically reduced genetic variability. We studied variation in 34 enzyme systems and the relationship between overall individual heterozygosity based on polymorphic loci and FA in 27 non-metric and six metric bilateral skull characters of 96 brown hares from three populations in Britain and two in New Zealand. All brown hares in New Zealand are considered to be descendents of only six founding individuals from Britain and were expected to have considerably reduced gene pool variability. Only six polymorphic loci were found. Allozyme heterozygosity in the New Zealand populations was not significantly lower than in British populations. However, both the New Zealand and the British populations had significantly lower genetic variability than the Austrian populations studied earlier. This suggested a (historic) genetic bottleneck in British brown hares having preceeded the one in hares in New Zealand. It corresponds to the hypothesis of the deliberate introduction of brown hares to Britain by the ancient Romans. Neither at the individual nor at the population level was there any significant relationship between FA and allozyme heterozygosity. Despite the significantly reduced genetic variability in hares from New Zealand and Britain, their population--specific levels of non-metric and metric FA were significantly lower than in hares from Austria. This might result eg, from genetic drift following the founding event in Britain, or from stronger selection against hares with low developmental homeostasis in Britain and New Zealand than in Austria, due to environmental differences. The study demonstrates that in brown hares reduced genetic variability is not necessarily connected with low levels of developmental homeostasis as the earlier study of Austrian populations might have suggested. Rather, the particular phylogeny of populations has to be taken into account, when interpreting relationships between developmental homeostasis and genetic variability.

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“…Palmer & Strobeck, 1986;Mùller & Swaddle, 1997). It may be in¯uenced by ecological and genetic factors (Palmer & Strobeck, 1986;Novak et al, 1993;Mitton, 1995). Apart from developmental homeostasis, a certain allelic in¯uence on the right/left variation of character states cannot be entirely excluded (cf.…”

Section: Epigenetic Differentiation and Phylogenetic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic dental variability of Israeli hares (Lepus sp.): ecogenetic or phylogenetic causation?

et al. 2000

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We examined 3747 teeth from 134 hares (Lepus sp.) 1 collected at 46 sites in Israel to test whether variation in epigenetic occlusal characters was linked to ecogenetic or phylogenetic factors. Collection sites encompassed a wide range of ecogeographical and climatic regimes. We compared data from Israeli hares with occlusal characters of 160 cape hares L. capensis from East Africa and 68 brown hares L. europaeus from central Europe. Only three teeth (I 1 , I 2 , M 3 ) did not show occlusal variation. Thirty-eight occlusal characters were derived from dental variants by dichotomous (0/1) scoring. Absence of association of character states among characters of single teeth indicated a lack of morphotypes. Epigenetic differentiation among hares from northern, central and southern Israel, and the two East African, and two central European samples, was revealed by pairwise C. A. B. Smith's`mean measures of divergence' (MMD), based on frequencies of character states. Cluster analyses of MMD values revealed little epigenetic differentiation between northern and southern Israeli hares, but greater differentiation between central European and East African hares. Concordance of the MMD matrix with linear geographical distances among sampling regions was demonstrated by a Mantel test. No frequencies of character states exhibited signi®cant changes across the climatic parameters among hares from northern and southern Israel. But the individual folding index, which expresses the degree of enamel on the occlusal surface, slightly decreased from north to south. Our results support a phylogenetic interpretation of occlusal character variation. Despite distinct differences in external appearance, hares from northern and southern Israel probably comprise a single species that encompasses two closely related geographical populations with a probable area of overlap. Israeli hares are intermediate between European brown hares and East African cape hares, with a slightly closer relationship to the cape hares.

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Enzyme heterozygosity and developmental stability

Cited by 28 publications

References 116 publications

The degree of extra-pair paternity increases with genetic variability

The degree of extra-pair paternity increases with genetic variability

Allozyme heterozygosity and fluctuating asymmetry in brown hares Lepus europaeus introduced to New Zealand: Developmental homeostasis in populations with a bottleneck history

Epigenetic dental variability of Israeli hares (Lepus sp.): ecogenetic or phylogenetic causation?

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