Enzyme-Enhanced Extraction of Antioxidant Ingredients from Algae

Abstract

Marine algae are not only a rich source of dietary fibre, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, but also contain a great variety of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. Marine macroalgae are a rich source of various natural antioxidants such as polyphenols, especially phlorotannins (made of polyphloroglucinol units) derived from brown algae, which play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation. In recent years, a number of potent antioxidant compounds have been isolated and identified from different types of edible seaweeds. Extraction methods commonly used for the isolation of antioxidants are based on conventional water or organic solvent extractions. However, recent advances have shown that enzymatic hydrolysis can achieve higher yield of bioactive compounds from algae. Here we describe a method based on enzymatic hydrolysis which both increases yield and decreases cost associated with organic solvents. This method achieves cell wall disruption and breakdown of internal storage components for more effective release of intracellular bioactive compounds. In addition, hydrolysis of proteins produces peptides which may have antioxidant properties, thus enhancing the bioactivity of the algal extract. The method described can be used for production of extracts from red and brown macroalgal species.

Enzymatic extraction of fucoxanthin from brown seaweeds

“…() dried three species of Sargassum away from direct sunlight (temperature not specified) for 7 days before extraction of phenolic compounds with a combination of proteases and carbohydrases. Olivares‐Molina & Fernández () air‐dried Lessonia nigrescens , Macrocystis pyrifera and Durvillaea antarctica at room temperature for 5 days prior to α‐amylase and cellulase extraction of phlorotannins; Adalbjörnsson & Jónsdóttir () used freeze‐drying (number of hours not specified) before multienzymatic extraction of polyphenols. However, the shorter drying conditions of only 12 h (at 40 °C) optimised in the present study are more suitable for fucoxanthin‐specific extraction as this xanthophyll is degraded via oxidation in prolonged exposure to air (Zhao et al ., ).…”

Enzyme-Aided Extraction of Fucoidan by AMG Augments the Functionality of EPCs through Regulation of the AKT/Rheb Signaling Pathway

“…Enzyme-aided extraction of fucoidan was performed as previously reported [37,38]. Fucoidan, a polysaccharide derived from marine algae, has a high molecular weight and is larger than is typical for use in drug applications, so our study used a lower molecular weight of fucoidan enzymatically extracted by hydrolysis using three commercially available carbohydrate degrading enzymes: AMG, pectinex, and viscozyme (NOVO Nordisc, Bagsvaerd, Denmark).…”

Macroalgal Proteins: A Review

“…Further, it is thought to reduce the potential of seaweed proteins to cause allergy. However, enzyme processes can be expensive [ 40 , 41 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. In relation to the reported bioactivities associated with seaweed-derived peptides, it is important that these bioactivities are confirmed in models and animal trials.…”