Enzyme effects on extruded diets for dogs with soybean meal as a substitute for poultry by‐product meal

Abstract

Summary The effects of exogenous enzymes supplementation on kibble diets for dogs formulated with soybean meal (SBM) as a substitute for poultry by‐product meal (PM) was investigated on nutrient digestibility, fermentation products formation, post‐prandial urea response and selected faecal bacteria counts. Two kibble diets with similar compositions were used in two trials: PM‐based diet (28.9% of PM; soybean hulls as a fibre source) and SBM‐based diet (29.9% of SBM). In experiment 1, the SBM diet was divided into three diets: SBM‐0, without enzyme addition; SBM‐1, covered after extrusion with 7500 U protease/kg and 45 U cellulase/kg; and SBM‐2, covered with 15 000 U protease/kg and 90 U cellulase/kg. In experiment 2, the SBM diet was divided into three diets: SBM‐0; SBM‐1, covered with 140 U protease/kg; 8 U cellulase/kg, 800 U pectinase/kg, 60 U phytase/kg, 40 U betaglucanase/kg and 20 U xylanase/kg; and SMB‐2, covered with 700 U protease/kg, 40 U cellulase/kg, 4000 U pectinase/kg, 300 U phytase/kg, 200 U betaglucanase/kg and 100 U xylanase/kg. Each experiment followed a block design with six dogs per diet. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by orthogonal and polynomial contrasts (p < 0.05). In both experiments, nutrients and energy digestibility did not differ between diets (p > 0.05). SBM consumption resulted in increased faecal moisture and production (p < 0.05), without effect on faecal score. Higher concentration of propionate, acetate and lactate, and lower ammonia and pH were found in the faeces of dogs fed SBM (p < 0.05). Higher post‐prandial urea was verified in dogs fed SBM (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, the addition of enzymes increased faecal concentration of propionate, acetate and total short‐chain fatty acid (p < 0.05) and tended to reduce post‐prandial urea concentration (p = 0.06). Although with similar digestibility, SBM shows a worse utilization of absorbed amino acids than the PM. Soybean oligosaccharides can beneficially change gut fermentation product formation. Enzymes can increase the gut fermentation activity and improve the SBM proteic value.

Processing traits and digestibility of extruded dog foods with soy protein concentrate

“…The substitution of PBM by both SPC products and GM did not reduce faecal pH or alter faecal lactate or ammonia, which is evidence that no increase in organic matter fermentation occurred in the colon. The addition of soya bean meal to dog foods is associated with higher carbohydrate fermentation in the colon, resulting in increased faecal production, lower faecal pH and ammonia content, and higher faecal lactate and short‐chain fatty acids (Maria et al., ; Tortola et al., ). These properties are the result of fermentation of the oligosaccharides and soluble non‐starch polysaccharides present in the soya bean meal by the gut bacteria (Bednar et al., ).…”

“…Several studies have demonstrated that this ingredient has good digestibility (Carciofi et al, 2006;Clapper et al, 2001;Maria et al, 2017). Studies have been published describing attempts to increase the nutritional value of soybean meal, especially with the addition of enzymes to diets with good results on digestibility (Félix et al, 2012) and postprandial protein utilization (Tortola et al, 2013). Other soya bean co-products have been studied for dog diets, such as full fat micronized soya bean, which has nutrient digestibility similar or superior to the PBM (Carciofi et al, 2009).…”

“…Protein incorporation into diets increases formulation cost, especially when the selected protein has a high digestibility, good amino acid profile, low ash content, adequate palatability and desirable processing characteristics (Carciofi et al., ). Vegetable protein sources from soya bean and maize are of interest due to their constant chemical composition, good commercial availability, high‐protein content (36.0%–90.0%) and good digestibility (Carciofi, Pontieri, Ferreira, & Prada, ; Case & Czarnecki‐Maulden, ; Tortola et al., ).…”

Effect of Zinc Source and Exogenous Enzymes Supplementation on Zinc Status in Dogs Fed High Phytate Diets

“…Twelve one-year-old Beagle dogs, six males and six females, (11.3 ± 1.1 kg of body weight, BW) participated in the trial. The sample size was calculated using power analysis, assuming a power of 95% and a p-value of 0.05 from data previously published by Wedekind and Lowry (1998) [4], and Tortola et al [14], which evaluated Zn sources for dog food supplementation and addition of exogenous enzymes to enhance nutrient digestibility, respectively. All dogs were subjected to a clinical examination to check the suitability to participate in the trial.…”

Effect of the addition of papain enzyme on digestive parameters and palatability of extruded diets for dogs

“…It is important to remember that the scale used in this study is inverted to express the same score. In another study the inclusion of different dosages of enzymes blend (proteases, cellulases, pectinases, phytases, betaglucanases, xylanase) did not influence production and fecal quality of dogs fed diets with soybean meal (TORTOLA et al, 2013). Cowieson et al (2006) observed that some exogenous enzymes might increase the excretion of endogenous material from the gastrointestinal tract.…”