Enzyme‐Degradable 3D Multi‐Material Microstructures

Gräfe, David; Gernhardt, Marvin; Ren, Jiongyu; Blasco, Eva; Wegener, Martin; Woodruff, Maria A.; Barner‐Kowollik, Christopher

doi:10.1002/adfm.202006998

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The cell morphology stain by immunofluorescence and microscope imaging were performed as described previously [18]. Briefly, at 3 d, 7 d and 14 d timepoints, cell culture medium was removed and the mesh samples were transferred into a fresh 48-well plate.…”

Section: Cell Morphology: Fluorescent Microscopy and Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of 3D Printed Biodegradable Mesh with Antimicrobial Properties for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

et al. 2022

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To address the increasing demand for safe and effective treatment options for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) due to the worldwide ban of the traditional polypropylene meshes, this study introduced degradable polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) composite meshes fabricated with melt-electrowriting (MEW). Two PCL/PEG mesh groups: 90:10 and 75:25 (PCL:PEG, wt%) were fabricated and characterized for their degradation rate and mechanical properties, with PCL meshes used as a control. The PCL/PEG composites showed controllable degradation rates by adjusting the PEG content and produced mechanical properties, such as maximal forces, that were higher than PCL alone. The antibacterial properties of the meshes were elicited by coating them with a commonly used antibiotic: azithromycin. Two dosage levels were used for the coating: 0.5 mg and 1 mg per mesh, and both dosage levels were found to be effective in suppressing the growth of S. aureus bacteria. The biocompatibility of the meshes was assessed using human immortalized adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). In vitro assays were used to assess the cell viability (LIVE/DEAD assay), cell metabolic activity (alamarBlue assay) and cell morphology on the meshes (confocal and electron microscopy). The cell attachment was found to decrease with increased PEG content. The freshly drug-coated meshes showed signs of cytotoxicity during the cell study process. However, when pre-released for 14 days in phosphate buffered saline, the initial delay in cell attachment on the drug-coated mesh groups showed full recovery at the 14-day cell culture time point. These results indicated that the PCL/PEG meshes with antibiotics coating will be an effective anti-infectious device when first implanted into the patients, and, after about 2 weeks of drug release, the mesh will be supporting cell attachment and proliferation. These meshes demonstrated a potential effective treatment option for POP that may circumvent the issues related to the traditional polypropylene meshes.

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Section: Cell Morphology: Fluorescent Microscopy and Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of 3D Printed Biodegradable Mesh with Antimicrobial Properties for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

et al. 2022

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“…The resin chemistries used currently in PμSL based degradable 3D printed parts include poly(propylene fumarates) and copolymers thereof, biobased polyesters, and thiol‐yne chemistry. [ 15,29–32 ] Although promising, these resin chemistries have limited tunability over degradation rate and behavior. Moreover, the synthesis of these multifunctional macromers that form degradable networks commonly involves multiple functionalization and purification steps, which makes the development of large numbers of polymers with diverse properties difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrolytically Degradable Poly(β‐amino ester) Resins with Tunable Degradation for 3D Printing by Projection Micro‐Stereolithography

Muralidharan

McLeod

Bryant

2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Applications of 3D printing that range from temporary medical devices to environmentally responsible manufacturing will benefit from printable resins that yield polymers with controllable architecture, material properties, and degradation behavior. Towards this goal, poly(β‐amino ester) (PBAE)‐diacrylate resins are investigated due to the wide range of available chemistries and tunable material properties. PBAE‐diacrylate resins are synthesized from hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemistries and with varying electron densities on the ester bond to provide control over degradation. Hydrophilic PBAE‐diacrylates led to degradation behaviors characteristic of bulk degradation, while hydrophobic PBAE‐diacrylates led to degradation behaviors dominated initially by surface degradation and then transitioned to bulk degradation. Depending on the chemistry, the crosslinked PBAE‐polymers exhibited a range of degradation times under accelerated conditions, from complete mass loss in 90 min to minimal mass loss at 45 days. Patterned features with 55 µm resolution are achieved across all resins, but their fidelity is dependent on PBAE‐diacrylate molecular weight, reactivity, and printing parameters. In summary, simple chemical modifications in the PBAE‐diacrylate resins coupled with projection microstereolithography enable high‐resolution 3D printed parts with similar architectures and initial properties but widely different degradation rates and behaviors.

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“…Recently, multimaterial microstructures fabricated by DLW were selectively dissolved by the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. [ 98 ] Although these examples of biodegradable polymeric microrobots were actuated using magnetic forces, the concepts can be directly translated to light‐controlled microrobots.…”

Section: Light‐based Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐Powered Microrobots: Challenges and Opportunities for Hard and Soft Responsive Microswimmers

Bunea

Martella

Nocentini

et al. 2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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30 ms, the helical chiral structure is reverted. Reproduced with permission. [127] Copyright 2017, The Authors, published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. C) Directional movement of an oscillating helix hydrogel-based microstructure confined between two glass surfaces. Reproduced with permission. [127] Copyright 2017, The Authors, published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. D) (Left) Superimposed images of a spiral rotor under irradiation for 0.5 s and relaxation for 0.5 s and (right) superimposition of the thresholded outline of the rotor at different times. Reproduced under the terms of the CC-BY license. [128] Copyright 2019, The Authors, published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. E) LCN-based swimmer microrobots. (Left) Schematic illustration of the bioinspired wormlike travelling wave deformation shape change occurring during homogeneous phase transition or illumination with a patterned light. (Middle, right) Optical images of a microtube displacement under travelling patterned irradiation. (Middle) Green overlays, direction according to green arrows, yellow dashed line is the reference position. (Right) Optical microscopy images of a microdisk locomotion along a square path-the travelling wave direction is indicated by the green arrows, and the disk's direction of travel to the next waypoint by the white arrows. Reproduced with permission. [134] Copyright 2016, Springer Nature.

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Enzyme‐Degradable 3D Multi‐Material Microstructures

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Development of 3D Printed Biodegradable Mesh with Antimicrobial Properties for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Development of 3D Printed Biodegradable Mesh with Antimicrobial Properties for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Hydrolytically Degradable Poly(β‐amino ester) Resins with Tunable Degradation for 3D Printing by Projection Micro‐Stereolithography

Light‐Powered Microrobots: Challenges and Opportunities for Hard and Soft Responsive Microswimmers

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