Enzyme characterisation and gene expression profiling of Atlantic salmon chicken- and goose-type lysozymes

Molecular characterization and expression pattern of c-type and g-type lysozyme isoforms in starry flounder Platichthys stellate infected with Streptococcus parauberis

“…In contrast, no significant change in mRNA levels in the spleen and kidney was observed for g-type. A similar induction profile was observed in Atlantic salmon, in which the g-type transcript was not upregulated after both in vitro stimulation of macrophages with LPS [42] and in vivo injection of the fish with LPS [44].…”

“…However, under nonstimulated condition, the enzyme activity in the skin is the reverse condition of the expression pattern of lysozyme transcripts in the present species. As evidenced by several fish species, teleosts showed a lower expression level in the skin [38,42,55]. In particular, a positive correlation between transcriptional level and enzyme activity was detected in skin of Atlantic salmon.…”

“…Other teleostean fish, in common with starry flounder g-type, showed broad expression of the g-type in multiple tissues including hematopoietic and mucosal tissues exposed to external environment [8,[33][34][35]42]. For instance, in European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax L. and Asian seabass, the highest transcript levels of g-type lysozymes were found in gills and intestine, followed by head kidney [8,33], and in turbot S. maximus and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, the highest levels were found in heart, spleen, and head kidney, respectively [34,42]. Hence, the basal tissue expression patterns of g-type lysozyme mRNAs might be species-specific.…”

Expression of c-type lysozyme gene in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is highly regulated and time dependent after salt stress

“…Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B 180 (2015) [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78] A common profile in most of these species-specific studies indicated the c-type is the basal house-keeping lysozyme, while the g-type lysozyme has a more acute role and is thus inducible in the defense against bacterial infections. But, the c-type lysozyme gene is also found expressed in multiple tissues of species and its gene expression can be induced in many cases, but at a much lower level or in other tissues than the g-types, such as in Japanese flounder (Hikima et al, 1997), brill (Jimenez-Cantizano et al, 2008), Senegalese sole (Fernández-Trujilloa et al, 2008), turbot (Zhao et al, 2011), penaeid shrimp (Kaizu et al, 2011), kelp grouper (Harikrishnan et al, 2011), channel catfish (Bilodeau et al, 2006), Atlantic salmon (Myrnes et al, 2013), turbot (Yu et al, 2013), disk abalone (Bathige et al, 2013) and red-spotted grouper (Mai et al, 2014). C-type, g-type and i-type lysozymes are similar in three-dimensional structures but share little homology at primary structure and differ in catalytic mechanism, enzymatic property, and genetic organization (Irwin and Gong, 2003;Callewaert and Michiels, 2010).…”

“…The i-type lysozyme genes have been characterized in starfish (Bachali et al, 2004), sea urchin (Stabili et al, 1994), shrimp (SoteloMundo et al, 2003) and sea cucumber (Yang et al, 2007). The g-type lysozymes have been identified in a number of aquatic species such as the Japanese flounder (Hikima et al, 1997), large yellow croaker (Zheng et al, 2007), brill (Jimenez-Cantizano et al, 2008), Atlantic cod (Larsen et al, 2009), grass carp , turbot (Zhao et al, 2011), rock bream (Whang et al, 2011), Japanese scallop (He et al, 2012), tongue sole (Sha et al, 2012), Atlantic salmon (Myrnes et al, 2013) and disk abalone (Bathige et al, 2013). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B 180 (2015) [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78] A common profile in most of these species-specific studies indicated the c-type is the basal house-keeping lysozyme, while the g-type lysozyme has a more acute role and is thus inducible in the defense against bacterial infections.…”