Enzyme applications for monogastric feeds: A review

Campbell, Graham; Bedford, M.R.

doi:10.4141/cjas92-058

Cited by 252 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Both wheat and barley contain anti-nutritional factors such as arabinoxylans and b-glucans. Elevated levels of these polysaccharides, in particular the soluble fraction, can cause an increase in digesta viscosity, preventing interaction between nutrients and digestive enzymes (Campbell and Bedford, 1992) and reducing nutrient digestibility (O' Connell et al, 2005) in pigs. However, decreases in ammonia emission and odour have been reported when sources of fermentable fibre are added to the diet (Garry et al, 2007) and b-glucans have been shown to have prebiotic properties (O'Connell et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of increasing the intake of dietary β-glucans by exchanging wheat for barley on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emissions in finishing pigs

Lynch

Sweeney

Callan

et al. 2007

Animal

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An experiment (complete randomised design) was conducted to investigate the linear and quadratic effects of barley b-glucan inclusion level on total tract nutrient apparent digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile and manure ammonia emissions in pigs. Twenty-four boars (66 kg) were assigned to one of four treatments: (T1) 0 g/kg barley (control diet) (5.6 g/kg b-glucan), (T2) 222 g/kg barley (12.1 g/kg b-glucan), (T3) 444 g/kg barley (18.9 g/kg b-glucan) and (T4) 666 g/kg barley (25 g/kg b-glucan). Barley was substituted for wheat in the diet. The diets were formulated to contain similar concentrations of digestible energy and digestible lysine. There was a linear decrease (P , 0.001) in the total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy and neutral-detergent fibre with increasing b-glucan concentration. Faecal nitrogen excretion was affected by dietary b-glucan concentration (quadratic P , 0.05). There was a linear decrease in Enterobacteria concentrations (P , 0.05) with increasing dietary b-glucan concentration. Increasing dietary barley levels caused a linear decrease in colonic (P , 0.01) and caecal pH (P , 0.001). Total caecal VFA and propionic acid were affected by dietary b-glucan concentration (quadratic, P , 0.05). There was a linear decrease in the proportion of acetic acid (P , 0.001), isobutyric acid (P , 0.01) and isovaleric acid (P , 0.05) with increasing levels of dietary barley in both the caecum and colon. There was a linear increase in the proportion of propionic acid (P , 0.001) and butyric acid (P , 0.05) with increasing barley in the colon. In conclusion, high level of dietary b-glucan (25 g/kg) is required to reduce offensive odour forming branched-chain VFAs; however, diet digestibility is compromised at such levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of increasing the intake of dietary β-glucans by exchanging wheat for barley on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emissions in finishing pigs

Lynch

Sweeney

Callan

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…Elevated levels of NSP, in particular the soluble fraction, can cause an increase in digesta viscosity, preventing interaction between nutrients and digestive enzymes (Campbell and Bedford, 1992) and reducing nutrient digestibility of the diets. However, decreases in ammonia emission have been reported when sources of fermentable fibre are added to the diet (Canh et al, 1998) and barley b-glucans have been shown to have pre-biotic properties (O'Connell et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated levels of these polysaccharides, in particular the soluble fraction, can cause an increase in digesta viscosity, preventing interaction between nutrients and digestive enzymes (Campbell and Bedford, 1992) and reducing nutrient digestibility (O'Connell et al, 2005). The addition of enzyme preparations can effectively degrade viscous non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) of the diet leading to a reduction in the viscosity of the diet and in enhanced nutrient utilisation (Dierick and Decuypere, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cereal type and enzyme addition on pig performance, intestinal microflora, and ammonia and odour emissions

Garry

Fogarty

Curran

et al. 2007

Animal

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Two 2 £ 2 factorial experiments were conducted to investigate the interaction between cereal type (wheat v. barley) and exogenous enzyme supplementation (with or without) on odour and ammonia emissions (experiment 1) and growth performance (experiment 2) in grower-finisher pigs. The enzyme supplement used contained endo-1, 3 (4) -b-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6) and endo-1, 4 -b-xylanase (E.C 3.2.1.8). The diets were formulated to contain similar levels of net energy (9.8 MJ/kg) and lysine (10.0 g/kg). The experimental treatments were as follows: (1) wheat-based diet, (2) wheat-based diet containing a b-glucanase and b-xylanase mixed enzyme supplement, (3) barley-based diet and (4) barley-based diet containing a b-glucanase and bxylanase mixed enzyme supplement. In experiment 1, the diets were offered to the pigs for 23 days in sealed pens (eight pigs per pen) and this was repeated four times (n ¼ 4). Odour and ammonia emissions were measured on days 9, 11, 14, 16, 21 and 23 of each replicate period. Odour samples were collected in 20-l Nalophan bags and analysed for odour concentration using an ECOMA Yes/No Olfactometer. Ammonia concentrations in the ventilation air were measured using Drä ger tubes. In experiment 2, 220 pigs were group fed in mixed sex pens using single-space feeders (11 pigs per feeder, six boars and five gilts) (n ¼ 5). There was a cereal £ enzyme interaction in odour emission rates, ammonia emissions and selected microbial populations in the caecum and colon (P , 0.05). The addition of an enzyme supplement to the barley-based diet increased both odour and ammonia emission, however the addition of an enzyme to the wheat-based diet decreased ammonia emission rates and had no effect on odour emission. Pigs offered the unsupplemented barley-based diet had a significantly (P , 0.05) lower population of Enterobacteriaceae spp. and a higher population of Bifidobacteria spp. compared with enzyme-supplemented barley diets. However, there was no effect of enzyme supplementation in wheat-based diets. In the performance experiment, neither cereal type nor enzyme inclusion had an effect on pig performance or carcass characteristics. In conclusion, the inclusion of an enzyme mix to barley-based diets increased odour and ammonia emissions, while the addition of an enzyme mix to wheat-based diets decreased ammonia emissions.

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“…The improved performance has been attributed to the viscosity reduction and a breakdown of p-glucans or pentosans and/or to a partial digestion of cereal walls leading to release of intracellular nutrients (Pettersson and Aman 1989). Since the majority of the enzymes present in a crude preparation are endolytic, they are able to abolish diffusion barriers that interfere with nutrient utilization (Campbell and Bedford 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of β-glucanase/pentosanase enzyme supplementation on the performance of chickens and laying hens fed wheat, barley, naked oats and rye diets

Brenes¹,

Guenter²,

Marquardt³

et al. 1993

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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was evident when chicks were given the wheat diet. In the second experiment, rhe addition of Roxazyme@ G to diets containing hulGss barley (0.1 g kg-1) and rye 14.0 g tg-tl improved feed consumption (8 and 16%, respectively), weight gain(21 and35%, respectivelyf and feed-to-gain ratios (i 1 and, l4Vo , respectively). Relative gizzard weights of birds fed the rye diet were reduced by 18 % when enzyme was added to this diet. In the third experiment, replacing all the wheat with hulless barley, naked oats or rye in diets for young pullets had no effect on overall performance during a i2-wk laying trial. Vent feather soilage increased with the incorporation ofnaked oats and rye. Enzyme supplementation had a beneficial effect on weight gain and feed intake but not on egg production, initiaiegg weight, average egg weight, egg specific gravity, Haugh unit score, and mortality.

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Enzyme applications for monogastric feeds: A review

Cited by 252 publications

References 101 publications

Effects of increasing the intake of dietary β-glucans by exchanging wheat for barley on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emissions in finishing pigs

Effects of increasing the intake of dietary β-glucans by exchanging wheat for barley on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emissions in finishing pigs

The effect of cereal type and enzyme addition on pig performance, intestinal microflora, and ammonia and odour emissions

Effect of β-glucanase/pentosanase enzyme supplementation on the performance of chickens and laying hens fed wheat, barley, naked oats and rye diets

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