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attracted much attention for their highefficiency in flame retardancy. [7,8] In this regard, flame retardants containing multiple flame retardant elements are preferred for their high-effective flame retardancy and other additional properties, such as thermal stability, mechanical property, and dielectric property. [9][10][11][12] Hence the combination of DOPO with nitrogen, fluorine, or silicon to prepare modifiers which contain multiple flame retardant elements is one of the favored means. In Shen's work, [13] a melamineorganophosphinic acid salt additive was prepared to modify epoxy resin. The modified epoxy resin passed UL-94 V-0 rating with 5 phr of additive, and reached oxygen index (LOI) value of 38.0% with 10 phr additive. This phosphorusnitrogen containing additive was proved to be efficient in improving the flame retardant of epoxy resin. Wang et al. [14] synthesized a novel DOPO-based triazole compound (DTA) and used it as co-curing agent to improve the flame retardant property of epoxy resin. With triazole ring and DOPO group in the molecular structure, DTA possessed superior flame-retardant efficiency. The thermoset modified with 4 wt% contents of DTA achieved a LOI value of 34.8% and V-0 rating in UL-94 test, where the phosphorus content was only 0.34 wt%.Fluorine is a special flame retardant element, the introduction of CF 3 groups to polymers can normally improve the chemical resistance, surface, electrical, and thermal properties of materials. Fluorine containing epoxy resin has tremendous application potential in the field of electronic packaging material for its superior hydrophobic properties and low dielectric constant. Na et al. [15] synthesized a fluorine-containing epoxy monomer to prepare a novel epoxy resin, which had a high contact angle of 116 o and a low dielectric constant of 2.97. Furthermore, the migration behavior of CF 3 groups to the surface of the polymeric matrix takes an effect of surface enhancement, [16] which means high performance materials can be achieved with low addition of fluorine-containing compounds.On this condition, we decided to design a flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and fluorine. To combine multiple flame retardant elements to one molecule, a polymeric flame retardant containing various flame retardant elements Modified Epoxy ResinTargeting high-effective modification of flame retardant epoxy resin, elements including phosphorus, nitrogen, and fluorine are simultaneously incorporated into a polymer named as PFNP. A certain amount of amino groups are preserved on PFNP chains to participate in the curing of epoxy resin. The reactive groups and segments contain 9,10-dihydrooxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) endowed PFNP with good compatibility in epoxy resin. The proper addition of PFNP improves the mechanical property and T g values of epoxy resins. The limiting oxygen index values of EP/PFNP increases while the peak heat release rate, heat release capacity, and total heat release values reduce after introduction of PFNP. Samples with c...
attracted much attention for their highefficiency in flame retardancy. [7,8] In this regard, flame retardants containing multiple flame retardant elements are preferred for their high-effective flame retardancy and other additional properties, such as thermal stability, mechanical property, and dielectric property. [9][10][11][12] Hence the combination of DOPO with nitrogen, fluorine, or silicon to prepare modifiers which contain multiple flame retardant elements is one of the favored means. In Shen's work, [13] a melamineorganophosphinic acid salt additive was prepared to modify epoxy resin. The modified epoxy resin passed UL-94 V-0 rating with 5 phr of additive, and reached oxygen index (LOI) value of 38.0% with 10 phr additive. This phosphorusnitrogen containing additive was proved to be efficient in improving the flame retardant of epoxy resin. Wang et al. [14] synthesized a novel DOPO-based triazole compound (DTA) and used it as co-curing agent to improve the flame retardant property of epoxy resin. With triazole ring and DOPO group in the molecular structure, DTA possessed superior flame-retardant efficiency. The thermoset modified with 4 wt% contents of DTA achieved a LOI value of 34.8% and V-0 rating in UL-94 test, where the phosphorus content was only 0.34 wt%.Fluorine is a special flame retardant element, the introduction of CF 3 groups to polymers can normally improve the chemical resistance, surface, electrical, and thermal properties of materials. Fluorine containing epoxy resin has tremendous application potential in the field of electronic packaging material for its superior hydrophobic properties and low dielectric constant. Na et al. [15] synthesized a fluorine-containing epoxy monomer to prepare a novel epoxy resin, which had a high contact angle of 116 o and a low dielectric constant of 2.97. Furthermore, the migration behavior of CF 3 groups to the surface of the polymeric matrix takes an effect of surface enhancement, [16] which means high performance materials can be achieved with low addition of fluorine-containing compounds.On this condition, we decided to design a flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and fluorine. To combine multiple flame retardant elements to one molecule, a polymeric flame retardant containing various flame retardant elements Modified Epoxy ResinTargeting high-effective modification of flame retardant epoxy resin, elements including phosphorus, nitrogen, and fluorine are simultaneously incorporated into a polymer named as PFNP. A certain amount of amino groups are preserved on PFNP chains to participate in the curing of epoxy resin. The reactive groups and segments contain 9,10-dihydrooxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) endowed PFNP with good compatibility in epoxy resin. The proper addition of PFNP improves the mechanical property and T g values of epoxy resins. The limiting oxygen index values of EP/PFNP increases while the peak heat release rate, heat release capacity, and total heat release values reduce after introduction of PFNP. Samples with c...
Acryloyl‐type polymer fixing 1‐β‐carbonylethyl‐5‐fluorouracil residues through D‐glucofuranoses via ester bonds was synthesized by means of polymerization of the corresponding monomer and polymer reaction. In order to provide the water‐soluble objective polymer, the copolymerization of the acryloyl‐type monomer with acrylamide was carried out. The extent of release of 5‐FU residues from the copolymer was investigated in the enzyme or nonenzyme system in vitro. Furthermore, the antitumor activities of the water‐insoluble homopolymer and water‐soluble copolymer obtained were tested in vivo.
Novel crosslinkers based on trehalose diacetals were synthesized and applied to the fabrication of degradable polyacrylamide-type hydrogels with pH-dependent degradation characteristics at around physiological pH.
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