Enzyme Activities Related to Lipid Metabolism in the Liver and Adipose Tissue of Tsaiya Ducks under Fasting and Ad libitum Feeding Conditions

Lien, Tu-Fa; Jan, Der-Fang

doi:10.5713/ajas.2003.403

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Lien and colleagues (Lien et al, 1999;Lien and Jan, 2003) used a fasting period of 3days with Tsaiya ducks (Anas platyrhynchos var. domestica), a larger species, while Käkelä and colleagues (Käkelä et al, 2006;Käkelä et al, 2007;Käkelä et al, 2009) used a period of 24h to ensure that portomicrons derived directly from diet were eliminated from circulation in several seabird species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbon isotopic fractionation in eider adipose tissue varies with fatty acid structure: implications for trophic studies

Budge

Wang

Hollmén

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYCarbon isotopic fractionation was investigated in fatty acids (FA) of adipose tissue and blood serum of threatened Stellerʼs eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri) relative to the FA in their diets. Captive eiders were fed a known diet for 180 days with serum sampled at 60, 120 and 180 days immediately after a 12 h fast; adipose was collected at 180 days. Essential FA (EFA) in the adipose showed varying degrees of isotope fractionation (0-4‰), depending on FA structure. The d13 C values of long-chain FA 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 did not differ from those in the diet, while those of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 were ~2‰ greater than in the diet. The d13 C values of free FA (FFA) in serum were not consistent within individuals or sampling dates; fractionation varied randomly, suggesting that FFA were arising from diet, rather than mobilization from adipose tissue. Discrimination factors were used in combination with a mixing model incorporating FA and lipid concentrations to estimate the diet of eiders fed a binary mixture with contrasting isotopic signatures. Diet estimates varied with FA but mean values closely approximated the actual proportions consumed. By tracking EFA, this study avoided the complications in interpretation arising from isotopic routing of carbon in bulk isotope analyses and serves as a basis for the development of compound-specific isotopic methods to trace dietary input in wild eiders. However, our understanding of the processes contributing to the variation in isotopic signatures of FA in nature is currently limited, and we recommend that future research directions focus on elucidating these mechanisms.Key words: diet estimate, discrimination, lipid, compound-specific isotope analysis, stable isotope, Steller's eider, spectacled eider. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 3791Carbon isotopes of fatty acids in eiders of higher predators (e.g. Thiemann et al., 2007;Williams et al., 2008;Cooper et al., 2009), including captive eiders . FA are the primary components of most lipids and have a variety of structures. Because of biochemical restrictions, many dietary polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) are incorporated into marine animals with little modification to structure, making these FA valuable as indicators, or biomarkers, of their source. However, these biomarker techniques can only offer general information on temporal and spatial variation in consumer diets; much more complex models (i.e. quantitative fatty acid signature analysis, QFASA) (Iverson et al., 2004) are necessary to estimate proportions and types of prey species in predator diets using FA.Recently, we demonstrated the use of stable carbon isotopes of individual FA to trace carbon flow from prey to predator across multiple trophic levels in the Arctic (Budge et al., 2008 (Focken, 2004;Codron et al., 2011) and environmental factors (Bloomfield et al., 2011), and techniques such as lipid removal before isotopic analysis attempt to minimize its impact; however, it remains a complication in the interpretation of bul...

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Carbon isotopic fractionation in eider adipose tissue varies with fatty acid structure: implications for trophic studies

Budge

Wang

Hollmén

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Activity of the adipocyte enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL;EC 3.1.1.34) is an important determinant of the amount of triacylglycerol stored in adipose tissue (Eckel, 1989;Liu et al, 2006;Choi et al, 2007). LPL activity in adipose tissue increases several-fold within a few hours of ingestion of a meal (Eckel, 1989;Cruz and Williamson, 1992) and decreases progressively with fasting (Cryer, 1981;Lien and Jan, 2003;Wu et al, 2003). However, the mechanisms by which fasting decreases LPL activity are not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Lipoprotein Lipase by Fasting in Epididymal and Mesenteric Adipocytes of Rats

Lee¹,

Chung²,

Lee³

2008

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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There are marked variations in the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) among adipose depots. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanisms of 24 h of fasting on LPL regulation between epididymal (EPI) adipocytes and mesenteric (MES) adipocytes in rats. 1-Day fasting consistently decreased activities of heparin-releasable LPL, total extractable LPL and cellular LPL markedly in both EPI and MES fat pads. LPL activity in MES fat pads was relatively lower than in the EPI fat pads. Consistent with data on LPL activity, the levels of expression of LPL mRNA in both nutritional states were lower in MES than EPI adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes. The decreased LPL activity after 1 day of fasting in MES adipocytes was explained mainly by a 50% decrease in the relative abundance of LPL mRNA level and a parallel 50% decrease in relative rate of LPL synthesis. In contrast, fasting of 1 day in EPI adipocytes decreased total LPL activity by 47% but did not affect LPL mRNA level or relative rate of LPL synthesis. A decrease in overall protein synthesis contributed to the decreased LPL activity after 1 day fasting both in EPI and MES adipocytes. In MES adipocytes the decrease in LPL activity, LPL mRNA and LPL synthesis were comparable, but in EPI adipocytes the changes in LPL activity were substantially larger than the changes in LPL mRNA level and LPL synthesis. Therefore, fasting decreased fat cell size, LPL activity, LPL mRNA level and relative rate of LPL synthesis in rats, and these effects were more marked in the MES adipocytes. These results clearly demonstrate the regional variations in the metabolic response of adipose tissue and LPL functions to fasting.

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“…Researchers have long been searching for safe methods for decreasing the fat sediment in livestock, in order to satisfy consumers' need for high-protein and low-fat animal food. The existing methods include genetic breeding , food supplementation (Xi et al, 2002;Shim, 2004), metabolism modification (Kim, 2002;Loh et al, 2002;Lien, 2003), and the application of hormone and adipocyte plasma membranes immunization. Hormones have been forbidden owing to safety concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sheep and Chicken Antibodies to Rat Adipocytes Plasma Membranes on Rat Carcass Fat

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2004

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Polyclonal anti-sera were collected from sheep and chicken immunized with adipocytes plasma membranes. Thirty two male wistar rats, weighing 185-215 grams, were divided randomly into 4 groups (trial 1: control group and treat group, trial 2: control group and treat group), with 8 rats in each group. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks. Trial one: The control group received four consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of 1ml of sheep normal sera. The same 4 day daily dose of group sheep anti-rats sera adipocyte plasma membrane anti-sera was administered to the treat group. The results showed that the treatment for treat group increased body weight by 6.35% (p<0.05) and food intake by 6.85%, and improved food conversion efficiency (Food intake/gain) by 45.00% (p<0.05). Periernal, epididymal and omental adipose deposit weights were decreased by 23.92% (p<0.05), 34.45% (p<0.05) and 0.98% respectively, while total fat content decreased by 20.92%. Trial two: The control group received four consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 ml of chicken normal sera, the results of injections of chicken anti-rats sera adipocyte plasma membrane antis-era administered to the treat group indicated that chicken anti-rats adipocyte plasma membranes immunization had an disadvantageous effect on the growth of the wistar rats by the end of 7th wk, compared with the control group. The immunized group decreased in total weight by 40 gram (p<0.05) an averagely and in food intake noticeably (p<0.01). The deposition of fat and the rates of TG and FFA in serum had no statistical significance.

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Enzyme Activities Related to Lipid Metabolism in the Liver and Adipose Tissue of Tsaiya Ducks under Fasting and Ad libitum Feeding Conditions

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Carbon isotopic fractionation in eider adipose tissue varies with fatty acid structure: implications for trophic studies

Carbon isotopic fractionation in eider adipose tissue varies with fatty acid structure: implications for trophic studies

Regulation of Lipoprotein Lipase by Fasting in Epididymal and Mesenteric Adipocytes of Rats

Effect of Sheep and Chicken Antibodies to Rat Adipocytes Plasma Membranes on Rat Carcass Fat

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