Enzyme activities in two sister-species of carnivorous pitcher plants (Nepenthes) with contrasting nutrient sequestration strategies

Kocáb, Ondřej; Bačovčinová, Michaela; Bokor, Boris; Šebela, Marek; Lenobel, René; Schöner, Caroline R.; Schöner, Michael G.; Pavlovič, Andrej

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.049

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In addition, the position of the Nepenthes' upper pitcher is directly exposed to sunlight. This presentation aligns with the statement of Kocáb et al (2021), who revealed that the green color is closely related to the chlorophyll content, which plays a role in photosynthesis. Furthermore, Croft and Chen (2017) also revealed that chlorophyll is responsible for the appearance of the green color and is the main pigment that plays a role in photosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

TARIGAN,

AZIS,

TANJUNG

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Tarigan MRM, Aziz S, Tanjung IF, Pary C, Adlini MN, Jayanti UNAD, Ardianto, Ulfa AY. 2023. Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1953-1962. The study's objective was to identify the size, color, and shape of a pitcher of Nepenthes found in the Batu Lubang Sibolga region. Purposive sampling is used as part of an exploratory approach in this study. Plot-based Nepenthes observation was conducted in the Sitahuis District, Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, to examine pitcher morphology and color. The results showed two species of Nepenthes, namely N. gracilis Korth and N. eustachya Miq, with two types of pitchers each, namely the lower and upper pitcher. The morphology of the Nepenthes pitchers has an almost similar shape but differs in the size of the pitcher circumference, where the lower pitcher is smaller than the upper pitcher. The bottom pitcher of N. gracilis has redwood (45%), and the upper pitcher is light green (55%), according to the proportion of observations of the color of the lower and upper pitchers of these two species. While the upper pitcher of N. eustachya is green with red dots (70%), the lower pitcher is light reddish green (30%). According to the study's findings, Nepenthes in the Batu Lubang Sibolga area required conservation intervention to preserve this species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Nepenthes has different ways of attracting prey. According to Bauer et al (2015), Farré et al (2015), and Kocáb et al (2021), Nepenthes uses nectar as a food source for visitor insects. The Nepenthes pitcher also gives off a certain scent to attract prey (Gaume et al 2016;).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

TARIGAN,

AZIS,

TANJUNG

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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“…Other proteins found in the digestive fluids of Nepenthes species include β‐D‐xylosidase [EC:3.2.1.37] proposed to help in pitcher maturation (Hatano & Hamada 2008), thaumatin‐like protein (TLP), pathogenesis‐related (PR) protein, and leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) protein for plant defense (Lee et al 2016; Rottloff et al 2016). Studies on the enzyme activities in the pitcher fluids mainly focused on differences between species and the effects of feeding with different substrates, such as ammonium, bovine serum albumin, chitin, feces, and fly (Kocáb et al 2021; Saganová et al 2018). Yet, the regulation of endogenous enzyme activities during early pitcher opening remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protease activity is maintained in Nepenthes ampullaria digestive fluids depleted of endogenous proteins with compositional changes

Ravee

Baharin

Cho

et al. 2021

Physiologia Plantarum

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Nepenthes ampullaria is a unique carnivorous tropical pitcher plant with the detritivorous capability of sequestering nutrients from leaf litter apart from being insectivorous. The changes in the protein composition and protease activity of its pitcher fluids during the early opening of pitchers (D0 and D3C) were investigated via a proteomics approach and a controlled protein depletion experiment (D3L). A total of 193 proteins were identified. Common proteins such as pathogenesis‐related protein, proteases (Nep [EC:3.4.23.12], SCP [EC:3.4.16.‐]), peroxidase [EC:1.11.1.7], GDSL esterase/lipase [EC:3.1.1.‐], and purple acid phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.2] were found in high abundance in the D0 pitchers and were replenished in D3L samples. This reflects their importance for biological processes upon pitcher opening. Meanwhile, prey‐inducible chitinases [EC:3.2.1.14] were found in D0 but not in D3C and D3L samples, which suggests their degradation in the absence of prey. Protease activity assays demonstrated the replenishment of proteases in D3L with similar levels of proteolytic activities to that of D3C samples. This supports a feedback mechanism and signaling in the molecular regulation of endogenous protein secretion, turnover, and activity in Nepenthes pitcher fluids. Furthermore, we also discovered several new enzymes (XTH [EC:2.4.1.207], PAE [EC:3.1.1.98]) with possible functions in cell wall degradation that could contribute to the detritivory habit of N. ampullaria.

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Photosynthetic electron transport in pitcher plants (Nepenthes mirabilis)

et al. 2022

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Enzyme activities in two sister-species of carnivorous pitcher plants (Nepenthes) with contrasting nutrient sequestration strategies

Cited by 5 publications

References 60 publications

Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

Protease activity is maintained in Nepenthes ampullaria digestive fluids depleted of endogenous proteins with compositional changes

Photosynthetic electron transport in pitcher plants (Nepenthes mirabilis)

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