Enzyme-activatable fluorescent probes for β-galactosidase: from design to biological applications

Abstract

This review highlights the molecular design strategy of β-galactosidase-activatable probes from turn-on mode to ratiometric mode, from ACQ to AIE-active probes, from NIR-I to NIR-II imaging and dual-mode of chemo-fluoro-luminescence imaging.

Activity-based NIR fluorescent probes based on the versatile hemicyanine scaffold: design strategy, biomedical applications, and outlook

“…The monitoring of ions, active biomolecules, and vital enzymes in the physiological and pathological processes of living cells and in vivo by using optical probes has significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. 1–24 At present, the design and development of molecular imaging probes, especially those with emission in the near infrared region (NIR, 650–900 nm), is a relatively hot research field in chemical biology, biomedicine and molecular biology. 25–31 In particular, activity-based NIR fluorescent probes have gained attention due to their outstanding advantages in the field of detection and bioimaging.…”

Tuning the Solid- and Solution-State Fluorescence of the Iron-Chelator Deferasirox

“…Next, in an effort to obtain long-wavelength emissive derivatives, we modified the phenol arms on the deferasirox scaffold to produce donor−π–acceptor (D−π–A) systems. , Here, Suzuki cross-coupling between ExMI and 5-formyl-2-thienylboronic afforded the aldehyde derivative ExAld (see Supporting Information Scheme S5 for reaction scheme). Appreciating that aromatic aldehydes are often used for the synthesis of near-infrared fluorophores and fluorescent probes, ExAld was then reacted with malononitrile to afford ExMC (12)Figure d (see Supporting Information Scheme S6 for reaction scheme). ExAld was also used to prepare ExDCM ( 13 ) via a Knoevenagel condensation with dicyanomethylene-4 H -chromene (DCM)Figure d (see Supporting Information Scheme S7 for reaction scheme).…”

Near-Infrared-Emissive AIE Bioconjugates: Recent Advances and Perspectives

“…By selectively identifying and removing senescent cancer cells, it is possibl life and improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment [45]. β-Galactosidase (βportant enzymatic reporter, plays a key role in a wide range of biological pro It is widely accepted that β-gal is tightly relevant to primary tumorigenesis and [47]. Thus, the development of accurate and rapid methods for monitoring the β-gal is essential for early cancer diagnosis and biological research.…”

“…β-Galactosidase (β-gal), an important enzymatic reporter, plays a key role in a wide range of biological processes [46]. It is widely accepted that β-gal is tightly relevant to primary tumorigenesis and metastasis [47]. Thus, the development of accurate and rapid methods for monitoring the activity of β-gal is essential for early cancer diagnosis and biological research.…”