Silk
fibroin is regarded as a natural fibrous protein with tunable
mechanical properties, acceptable biocompatibility, and favorable
capability of enhancing attachment, proliferation, and differentiation
of chondrocytes. These properties make it suitable for the fabrication
of scaffolds and a broad range of silk fibroin-based biomaterials
for cartilage regenerative therapy, which can heal functional cartilage
without scar tissue. It can be used as a single material for making
different kinds of scaffolds or as a composite with other types of
biomaterials. Together with some growth factors, silk fibroin scaffolds
can form a support for the growth and differentiation of seeding cells,
such as chondrogenic lineage cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Recent
advancements of silk fibroin in cartilage regeneration are summarized
in this review. Furthermore, the manufacturing methods of silk fibroin
materials and their applications in the regeneration of cartilage
are also discussed.