Enzymatic removal of flatulence-inducing sugars in chickpea milk using free and polyvinyl alcohol immobilized α-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae

Abstract

The treatment of chickpea milk was carried out in batch, repeated batch and continuous reaction by soluble and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) immobilized Aspergillus oryzae alpha-galactosidase for the removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). In the batch mode of treatment 96 and 92% of RFOs hydrolysis was observed by soluble and immobilized enzyme, respectively. In repeated batch experiments, immobilized enzyme showed 70% RFOs hydrolysis up to sixth cycle. Polyvinyl alcohol immobilized alpha-galactosidase in fluidized bed reactor showed highest reduction of 94% at a flow rate of 30 ml/h. The results obtained from the present study are very interesting for industrial use of PVA-immobilized enzyme.

Molecular cloning of AtRS4, a seed specific multifunctional RFO synthase/galactosylhydrolase in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…Although there is some debate about the potential health benefits of non-digestible oligosaccharides ( Delzenne and Roberfroid, 1994 ; Roberfroid, 2002 ), various physico-mechanical treatments and breeding programs have been reported to reduce RFO concentrations in seeds ( Aguilera et al, 2009 ; Devindra et al, 2011 ). Even the enzymatic removal of RFOs from seed-derived products ( Kulkarni et al, 2006 ; Patil et al, 2009 ) using immobilized α-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae , has been extensively studied ( Slominski et al, 1994 ; Khalil and Mansour, 1998 ; Feng et al, 2008 ; Liu et al, 2014 ). To improve nutritional quality of leguminous seeds, RFO concentrations need to be reduced ( Qiu et al, 2015 ) without affecting their role during seed development.…”

Controlled Exogenous Enzyme Imbibition and Activation in Whole Chickpea Seed Enzyme Reactor (SER)

“…Chickpeas contain high concentrations of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids (El Adawy 2002; Milan‐Carrillo and others 2007). Nonetheless, it also contains a high concentration of starch (43.1%, dry base [DB]), fibers (17.0%, DB), and raffinose‐family oligosaccharides (RFO; 4.2%, DB) (El Adawy 2002; Milan‐Carrillo and others 2007; Patil and others 2009). According to legal requirements (Koletzko and others 2005) and EU Commission Directive 2006/141/EC (EU, 2006), the concentration of precooked and/or gelatinized starch is limited to a maximum of 2 g/100 mL and 30% of the total carbohydrate content.…”

“…Utilization of exogenous enzymes on ground seeds is straightforward and a routine procedure for numerous processes. For instance, reduction of RFO in chickpea flour and “milk” (Mansour and Khalil 1998; Patil and others 2009), or the decrease of the mash viscosity of barley (Scheffler and Bamforth 2005). …”

Production of soya milk containing low flatulence‐causing oligosaccharides in a packed bed reactor using immobilised α‐galactosidase

“…, 2006), carrageenan (Grigowda & Mulimani, 2006), different activated agarose supports (Filho et al. , 2008), polyvinyl alcohol (Patil et al. , 2009) and galactose‐containing polymeric beads (Okutucu et al.…”

“…Several approaches such as intermolecular cross-linking (Wilson et al, 2004), multipoint covalent immobilisation (Mateo et al, 2007) and multisubunit immobilisation (Mateo et al, 2007) has been used for enhancing stability of multimeric enzymes. a-Galactosidase has been immobilised on carriers such as polyacrylamide gel (Thippeswamy & Mulimani, 2002), hydrophobic gels (Dharmasena & Mathew, 2002), calcium alginate (Prashanth & Mulimani, 2005), gelatin blends with alginate (Naganagouda & Mulimani, 2006), hybrid silica nanocomposites (Bakunina et al, 2006), carrageenan (Grigowda & Mulimani, 2006), different activated agarose supports (Filho et al, 2008), polyvinyl alcohol (Patil et al, 2009) and galactose-containing polymeric beads (Okutucu et al, 2010).…”