Enzymatic reactions of Clostridium difficile in aerobic and anaerobic environments with the RapID-ANA II identification system

Peiffer, S; Cox, Mike E.

doi:10.1128/jcm.31.2.279-282.1993

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Rapid test kits based on phenotypic characteristics of anaerobic bacteria have been developed. Although a number of reports on the suitability of these test systems for identification of different anaerobes have been published [18–23], reports concerning C. botulinum are scarce. Rapid identification tests with high sensitivity and specificity are urgently needed to hasten investigations of botulism outbreaks and to facilitate discrimination between toxigenic and non‐toxigenic strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification ofClostridium botulinumwith API 20 A, Rapid ID 32 A and RapID ANA II

Lindström

Jankola

Hielm

et al. 1999

FEMS Immunology &Amp; Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three commercially available test systems for the identification of anaerobic bacteria were evaluated for the identification of 18 proteolytic group I and 69 non-proteolytic group II Clostridium botulinum, four Clostridium sporogenes and 18 non-toxigenic group II C. botulinum-like strains. All proteolytic C. botulinum strains were misidentified by the Rapid ID 32 A and RapID ANA II, while 14 strains and all C. sporogenes strains were identified as C. botulinum or C. sporogenes by the API 20 A. Reversely, all non-proteolytic C. botulinum strains were misidentified by the API 20 A while the Rapid ID 32 A recognized 67 and RapID ANA II 68 strains. All C. sporogenes strains were recognized by the RapID ANA II, while the Rapid ID 32 A recognized one strain. All non-proteolytic non-toxigenic strains were identified as C. botulinum group II by the Rapid ID 32 A, 17 strains by the RapID ANA II, and one strain by the API 20 A. The results show that these test systems do not provide a reliable method for identification of C. botulinum.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification ofClostridium botulinumwith API 20 A, Rapid ID 32 A and RapID ANA II

Lindström

Jankola

Hielm

et al. 1999

FEMS Immunology &Amp; Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Laboratory Diagnostics of Botulism

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Botulism is a potentially lethal paralytic disease caused by botulinum neurotoxin. Human pathogenic neurotoxins of types A, B, E, and F are produced by a diverse group of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, including Clostridium botulinum groups I and II, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium baratii. The routine laboratory diagnostics of botulism is based on the detection of botulinum neurotoxin in the patient. Detection of toxin-producing clostridia in the patient and/or the vehicle confirms the diagnosis. The neurotoxin detection is based on the mouse lethality assay. Sensitive and rapid in vitro assays have been developed, but they have not yet been appropriately validated on clinical and food matrices. Culture methods for C. botulinum are poorly developed, and efficient isolation and identification tools are lacking. Molecular techniques targeted to the neurotoxin genes are ideal for the detection and identification of C. botulinum, but they do not detect biologically active neurotoxin and should not be used alone. Apart from rapid diagnosis, the laboratory diagnostics of botulism should aim at increasing our understanding of the epidemiology and prevention of the disease. Therefore, the toxin-producing organisms should be routinely isolated from the patient and the vehicle. The physiological group and genetic traits of the isolates should be determined.

show abstract

Characteristics of urinary and serum soluble Klotho protein in patients with different degrees of chronic kidney disease

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundKlotho is a single-pass transmembrane protein, which appears to be implicated in aging. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the relationship between the soluble Klotho level and renal function in patients with various degrees of chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsThe levels of soluble Klotho in the serum and urine obtained from one hundred thirty-one CKD patients were determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system.ResultsThe amount of urinary excreted Klotho during the 24 hr period ranged from 1.6 to 5178 ng/day (median 427 ng/day; interquartile range [IR] 56.8-1293.1), and the serum Klotho concentration ranged from 163.9 to 2123.7 pg/ml (median 759.7 pg/ml; IR 579.5-1069.1). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly correlated with the log-transformed values of the amount of 24 hr urinary excreted Klotho (r = 0.407, p < 0.01) and the serum Klotho levels (r = 0.232, p < 0.01). However, a stepwise multiple regression analysis identified eGFR to be a variable independently associated only with the log-transformed value of the amount of 24-hr urinary excreted Klotho but not with the log-transformed serum Klotho concentration. Despite the strong correlation between random urine protein-to-creatinine ratio and the 24 hr urinary protein excretion (r = 0.834, p < 0.01), a moderate linear association was observed between the log-transformed value of the amount of 24 hr urinary excreted Klotho and that of the urinary Klotho-to-creatinine ratio (Klotho/Cr) in random urine specimens (r = 0.726, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe amount of urinary Klotho, rather than the serum Klotho levels, should be linked to the magnitude of the functioning nephrons in CKD patients. The use of random urine Klotho/Cr as a surrogate for the amount of 24-hr urinary excreted Klotho needs to be evaluated more carefully.

show abstract

Enzymatic reactions of Clostridium difficile in aerobic and anaerobic environments with the RapID-ANA II identification system

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Identification ofClostridium botulinumwith API 20 A, Rapid ID 32 A and RapID ANA II

Identification ofClostridium botulinumwith API 20 A, Rapid ID 32 A and RapID ANA II

Laboratory Diagnostics of Botulism

Characteristics of urinary and serum soluble Klotho protein in patients with different degrees of chronic kidney disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About