Enzymatic production of wheat and ryegrass derived xylooligosaccharides and evaluation of their in vitro effect on pig gut microbiota

Abstract

This study examines enzymatic production of linear xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and branched arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) from monocotyledonous biomass, wheat straw and ryegrass, and compares the in vitro effects of these XOS and AXOS on pig gut microbiota. XOS and AXOS were obtained from the biomass by treatment with different endo-1,4-β-xylanases. XOS of DP2-6 from wheat straw, obtained after treatment with Aspergillus niger endo GH11, suppressed growth of Clostridium perfringens and resulted in a high level of lactic acid production when fermented in vitro by pig fecal microbiota. Analogously, XOS ryegrass produced in the same way also suppressed Cl. perfringens growth, and more so than the corresponding ryegrass AXOS, but AXOS exhibited a more pronounced stimulation of lactic acid bacteria growth than XOS. The prebiotic potential, i.e., suppression of Cl. perfringens and stimulation of lactic acid bacteria, for the ryegrass oligosaccharides was as follows: XOS, produced by A. niger endo-1,4-β-xylanase (GH 11) ≥ AXOS, produced by Thermotoga maritima and Cellvibrio mixtus endo-1,4-β-xylanase s (GH10) > AXOS, produced by Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus aculeatus endo-1,4-β-xylanase s (GH11). These results indicate that wheat straw as well as green grass biomass such as ryegrass have potential as new sources of putative prebiotics for pig feed.

Dietary supplemental xylooligosaccharide modulates nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in laying hens

“…In attempts to better understand the mechanism and validate our hypothesis, we analyzed the cecal microbiota which contains the most detailed information regarding chicken gut microbiota and is the key region for bacterial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrate ( Pourabedin and Zhao, 2015 ). Data from analyses of α-diversity and β-diversity corroborate our initial hypothesis that XOS improved microbial richness and altered microbiota structure ( Dotsenko et al, 2018 ). The greater diversity of the intestinal tract microbiota community is believed to have a positive effect on the welfare and productivity of the host bird ( Janczyk et al., 2009 ).…”

Xylo-Oligosaccharides, Preparation and Application to Human and Animal Health: A Review

“…These results indicated that XOS and FOS non-digestible carbohydrates may promote the health of intestinal tract ( 59 ). In addition, some in vitro studies have documented that XOS supplementation produced lactic acid and acetic acid, which contributed to growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli strains and inhibited the growth of pathogenic strains ( 60 – 63 ).…”

Potentials and possible safety issues of using biorefinery products in food value chains

“…dependent on the degree of arabinosyl-substitutions on the xylan backbone (Pastell et al, 2009). Very recently, we discovered that enzymatically released xylooligosaccharides from hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw might be promising prebiotics for pigs by reducing growth of potentially undesirable bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens as observed in pig gut microbiota fermentations (Dotsenko et al, 2018).…”

“…The green grass as feedstock provides basis for protein rich animal feed ingredients as well as prebiotic feed composition (Dotsenko & Lange, 2017). Hence, xylooligosaccharides with potential prebiotic activity can be extracted enzymatically from ryegrass (Dotsenko et al, 2018). At present, the latter potential for prebiotic functionality has been demonstrated only in vitro and based on lab-scale experiments.…”