Enzymatic production of N -acetyl- d -glucosamine from crayfish shell wastes pretreated via high pressure homogenization

Wei, Guoguang; Zhang, Alei; Chen, Kequan; Ouyang, Pingkai

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.028

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In solution, chitinases often produce a mixture of different chito‐oligosaccharides . However, the data presented above demonstrate that under solventless RAging conditions, GlcNAc accounts for >92 % of the water‐soluble degradation products of chitin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[60] In solution, chitinases often produce am ixture of different chito-oligosaccharides. [17,[61][62][63] However,t he data presented above demonstratet hat under solventless RAging conditions, GlcNAc accountsf or > 92 %o ft he water-soluble degradation products of chitin.M oreover,f or the same chitin/enzyme ratio, the in-solution reaction produced (9 AE 2) mg GlcNAc whereas RAging yielded( 47 AE 9) mg GlcNAc, that is, 5times more ( Table 1).…”

Section: Ragingc Hitin With Chitinase Producesm Ainly Glcnacmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This methodology enables the direct conversion of at least 40 % of its chitin content into the GlcNAc monomer. The benefits of RAging are further highlighted by comparing the substrate loading used and the concentration of obtained GlcNAc with those of previously reported methods (Table S1 in the Supporting Information) . The typical substrate loading for RAging was at least one order of magnitude larger than for methods in which bulk solvent is used, and even considering studies on less recalcitrant and/or pretreated chitin forms than the one used here, our GlcNAc yield [mg mL −1 ] was approximately 2–30 times superior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is strikingly different from the conditions under which microbe-secreted enzymes,s uch as chitinases, have evolved to thrive in. We showedt hat both the efficiency and selectivity of chitinase are increased several times by switching from solution-based environments, traditionally used in enzymatic reactions, [9,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] to RAging conditions that operateo nm oist solid substrates in the absence of bulk solvent media. Our current hypothesis is that aging is the closestt ot he natural environment of microbial chitinases (under which there is no need for an exceedingly highreaction rate), whereas RAging, withi ts periodic milling activation events,m ay further accelerate the reaction through mechanical effects and improved mixing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although chitinases,t hat is, enzymes that catalyzet he hydrolysiso fc hitin into itsm onomer,o ffer an opportunity for clean processing of chitin (Scheme 1), their use is hindered by the poor solubilityo fc hitin, which requires harsh pretreatment of the chitinous material, [9,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] for example, with HCl to form a colloidalc hitin suspension, [27] or by using phosphoric acid to generate swollenc hitin. [28] Further,t here is an eed to improve chitinase activity and stabilityf or biotechnological applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanoenzymatic Breakdown of Chitinous Material to N‐Acetylglucosamine: The Benefits of a Solventless Environment

et al. 2019

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Chitin is not only the most abundant nitrogen‐containing biopolymer on the planet, but also a renewable feedstock that is often treated as a waste. Current chemical methods to break down chitin typically employ harsh conditions, large volumes of solvent, and generate a mixture of products. Although enzymatic methods have been reported, they require a harsh chemical pretreatment of the chitinous substrate and rely on dilute solution conditions that are remote from the natural environment of microbial chitinase enzymes, which typically consists of surfaces exposed to air and moisture. We report an innovative and efficient mechanoenzymatic method to hydrolyze chitin to the N‐acetylglucosamine monomer by using chitinases under the recently developed reactive aging (RAging) methodology, based on repeating cycles of brief ball‐milling followed by aging, in the absence of bulk solvent. Our results demonstrate that the activity of chitinases increases several times by switching from traditional solution‐based conditions of enzymatic catalysis to solventless RAging, which operates on moist solid substrates. Importantly, RAging is also highly efficient for the production of N‐acetylglucosamine directly from shrimp and crab shell biomass without any other processing except for a gentle wash with aqueous acetic acid.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ragingc Hitin With Chitinase Producesm Ainly Glcnacmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanoenzymatic Breakdown of Chitinous Material to N‐Acetylglucosamine: The Benefits of a Solventless Environment

et al. 2019

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Chitin and Chitosan as Sources of Bio‐Based Building Blocks and Chemicals

Kaisler

Broek

Boeriu

2019

Chitin and Chitosan

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Changes in the microstructure and enzymatic hydrolysis performance of chitin treated by steam explosion, high‐pressure homogenization, and γ radiation

Zhai

Zhang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This research intends to reduce the crystallinity of chitin with physical methods so as to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of chitin. Scanning electron microscopy showed that both steam explosion and high‐pressure homogenization significantly enlarged the pores in shrimp shells, which are made up of chitin, but γ radiation did not. X‐ray diffraction showed that the crystallinity index of chitin decreased by 23.2% in the (110) plane and 24.7% in the (020) plane after three rounds of steam explosion and decreased by 12.4% in the (110) plane and 28.7% in the (020) plane after three rounds of high‐pressure homogenization. After γ radiation, however, there was no significant change. The corresponding deacetylation degrees of the chitin treated with steam explosion and high‐pressure homogenization increased by 13.2 and 5.7%, respectively. The natural, steam‐exploded and high‐pressure homogenized chitins respectively produced 0.251, 0.145, and 0.407 mg/ml reducing sugars with the hydrolysis of Streptomyces griseus chitinase. However, when hydrolyzed by Paenibacillus sp. A1 chitinase the steam‐exploded and the high‐pressure homogenized chitin respectively released 40 and 300% more reducing sugars than the natural chitin. The results found that steam explosion and high‐pressure homogenization can reduce the crystallinity of chitin, and make it prone to enzymatic hydrolysis.

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Enzymatic production of N -acetyl- d -glucosamine from crayfish shell wastes pretreated via high pressure homogenization

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

Mechanoenzymatic Breakdown of Chitinous Material to N‐Acetylglucosamine: The Benefits of a Solventless Environment

Mechanoenzymatic Breakdown of Chitinous Material to N‐Acetylglucosamine: The Benefits of a Solventless Environment

Chitin and Chitosan as Sources of Bio‐Based Building Blocks and Chemicals

Changes in the microstructure and enzymatic hydrolysis performance of chitin treated by steam explosion, high‐pressure homogenization, and γ radiation

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