Enzymatic production of 5-aminovalerate from l-lysine using l-lysine monooxygenase and 5-aminovaleramide amidohydrolase

Abstract

5-Aminovalerate is a potential C5 platform chemical for synthesis of valerolactam, 5-hydroxyvalerate, glutarate, and 1,5-pentanediol. It is a metabolite of l-lysine catabolism through the aminovalerate pathway in Pseudomonas putida. l-Lysine monooxygenase (DavB) and 5-aminovaleramide amidohydrolase (DavA) play key roles in the biotransformation of l-lysine into 5-aminovalerate. Here, DavB and DavA of P. putida KT2440 were expressed, purified, and coupled for the production of 5-aminovalerate from l-lysine. Under optimal conditions, 20.8 g/L 5-aminovalerate was produced from 30 g/L l-lysine in 12 h. Because l-lysine is an industrial fermentation product, the two-enzyme coupled system presents a promising alternative for the production of 5-aminovalerate.

Improved separability criteria via some classes of measurements

“…The aim of this paper is to achieve some new separability criteria via MUMs and GSIC-POVMs. They are strictly stronger than the corresponding ones in [6,10,11,12,19,20,15].…”

“…Recently, Liu et al [12] presented separable criteria for quantum states with different dimensions of subsystems. Let d = min{d 1 , d 2 }.…”

“…Set G = (g ij ) ∈ C md×md with g ij = Tr(X p i ⊗ Y q j ρ). The criterion [12,Theorem 3] shows that any separable state ρ in…”

“…In [11], by applying MUMs to ρ − ρ A ⊗ ρ B , where ρ A and ρ B are the reduced density matrices of ρ, the authors obtained a new separability criterion, which is more powerful than the corresponding ones in [6] and [10]. Later, these criteria were further generalized to the multipartite case [12,13,14,15]. It should be mentioned that the criteria in [12,14,15] can be used to the quantum systems with subsystems having different dimensions.…”

“…Later, these criteria were further generalized to the multipartite case [12,13,14,15]. It should be mentioned that the criteria in [12,14,15] can be used to the quantum systems with subsystems having different dimensions. Recently, Rastegin [16] derived separability criteria in terms of local fine-grained uncertainty relations under MUBs and MUMs.…”