Enzymatic Polymerization towards Biodegradable Polyester Nanoparticles

Taden, Andreas; Antonietti, Markus; Landfester, Katharina

doi:10.1002/marc.200390079

Cited by 70 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The data of Målberg et al [38] indicate full conversion of PDL and HDL to polymer after 5 h of reaction (2% Lipase PS, 40 °C). Although a direct comparison is difficult, as the protein contents and the activities of the enzymes may vary, the value agrees with the data of Taden et al [39], who observed full conversion after 4-4.5 h using 0.5% of Lipase PS. These data show the superiority of conducting the reaction in miniemulsion in comparison to other reaction systems.…”

Section: Polymerssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Among these, are reports about triglyceride hydrolysis [33], ester synthesis [34][35][36][37] and the preparation of polyesters [38,39].…”

Section: Scheme 2 General Structure Of a Triacylglycerol (Triglycerimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the melting point of PDL is around 35 °C, the reactions were conducted at slightly elevated temperatures of 40 [38] or 45 °C [39]. The data of Målberg et al [38] indicate full conversion of PDL and HDL to polymer after 5 h of reaction (2% Lipase PS, 40 °C).…”

Section: Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzymatic Catalysis at Interfaces—Heterophase Systems as Substrates for Enzymatic Action

Weiss

Landfester

2013

Catalysts

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Several important enzymatic reactions occurring in nature, such as, e.g., the digestion of fat, proceed only at the interface of two immiscible phases. Typically, these systems consist of an organic substrate, dispersed in an aqueous continuous phase, with a specialized enzyme capable of working at the interface. For adopting such a system for organic synthesis, a stable heterophase system with a large interfacial area is required. These prerequisites can be found in so-called miniemulsions. Such liquid-liquid heterophase systems feature droplets with sizes smaller than 500 nm, and more importantly, these emulsions do not suffer from Ostwald ripening, as conventional emulsions do. Consequently, the droplets show long-term stability, even throughout reactions conducted in the droplets. In this review, we will briefly discuss the physicochemical background of miniemulsions, provide a comprehensive overview of the enzymatically catalyzed reactions conducted in miniemulsions and, as data are available, to compare the most important features to conventional systems, as reverse microemulsions, (macro)emulsions and solvent-based systems.

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Section: Polymerssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Among these, are reports about triglyceride hydrolysis [33], ester synthesis [34][35][36][37] and the preparation of polyesters [38,39].…”

Section: Scheme 2 General Structure Of a Triacylglycerol (Triglycerimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzymatic Catalysis at Interfaces—Heterophase Systems as Substrates for Enzymatic Action

Weiss

Landfester

2013

Catalysts

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“…Dentro deste contexto, já foram reportadas sínteses bem sucedidas utilizando lipases em meio com dióxido de carbono supercrítico, 41 líquidos iônicos 42 e água, seja o polímero suspenso em meio aquoso 43 ou presente em micro emulsões. 44 Cabe ressaltar que, diferentemente de outras esterases, tais como as lipases, que catalisam tanto reações de policondensação como ROP, as PHA depolimerases catalisam apenas reações de polimerização por ROP na ausência de água, como descrito por Santos et al…”

Section: Síntese Via Reações De Abertura De Anelunclassified

Applications of Enzymes in Synthesis and Modification of Polymers

Albuquerque¹,

Ribeiro²,

Rabelo³

et al. 2014

Química Nova

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Recebido em 07/06/2013; aceito em 10/12/2013; publicado na web em 21/03/2014 APPLICATIONS OF ENZYMES IN SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION OF POLYMERS. Enzymes are biological catalysts that offer great potential for use in the synthesis and modification of polymers, being more specific and greener than chemical catalysts. In this work, enzymes from the classes of hydrolases (lipase, cutinase and protease) and of oxidoreductases (horseradish peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase) were identified as the main biocatalysts responsible for the synthesis of polymers. Biocatalysis can potentially be part of the life cycle of several polymers, including polyesters, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polyamides, functionalized polysaccharides and polystyrene, allowing the synthesis of specialty macromolecules for fine applications and with higher added-value than commodity polymers.Keywords: enzyme polymerization; biocatalysis; lipase. INTRODUÇÃOProcessos de polimerização representam uma das principais transformações químicas industriais da atualidade, sendo, em sua maioria, conduzidos na presença de catalisadores químicos não renováveis e sob elevadas temperaturas, demandando, em alguns casos, a proteção e desproteção de grupos funcionais, de forma a evitar a ocorrência de reações indesejadas. 1 Há cerca de 20 anos, a catálise enzimática tem sido apontada como uma estratégia de grande potencial para a síntese de políme-ros, por ser ambientalmente amigável e em geral bastante seletiva, permitindo assim a obtenção de macromoléculas com propriedades diferenciadas e de maior valor agregado.2 As enzimas para a síntese e também modificação de polímeros estão nas classes das hidrolases (como lipases, proteases e esterases) e das oxidorredutases. 3A biocatálise pode ser empregada tanto para a síntese de polí-meros naturais como de polímeros sintéticos, e dentre suas maiores vantagens está a elevada seletividade (enantio-, quimio-, éstereo-e régio-seletividade), levando à obtenção de polímeros perfeitamente estruturados na maioria dos casos. Além disso, a catálise enzimática ocorre em geral de forma bastante eficiente sob condições mais brandas de temperatura e pressão, 4 demanda reduzida (ou nenhuma) quantidade de solventes orgânicos, 5 não proporciona a formação de produtos secundários e os produtos finais são de fácil separação e recuperação.6-8 Tais vantagens ficam claras especialmente quando são empregados biocatalisadores na forma imobilizada, a qual é uma técnica amplamente reportada pela literatura.9,10 A biocatálise foi reconhecida na década de 1990 como uma área nova na síntese de polímeros de precisão. 11Dessa forma, o objetivo desse artigo é apresentar um panorama das principais enzimas e condições de processo que podem ser utilizadas para a síntese e a modificação de polímeros de interesse industrial. O reconhecimento da importância do tema se traduz pela existência hoje de livros inteiramente dedicados à polimerização enzimática. 12-14 APLICAÇÕES DE ENZIMAS NA SÍNTESE DE POLÍMEROS PoliésteresOs poliésteres estão dentre ...

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“…Polyester particles with a high molecular weight of about 100,000 g mol À1 could also be obtained by enzymatic polymerization in miniemulsion. 35 The oxidative polymerization of aniline leads to polyaniline nanoparticles. 36,37 The combination of emulsion/solvent evaporation method and miniemulsion technique was applied to obtain biodegradable polyester-based nanoparticles from preformed polymer.…”

Section: Polymeric Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From polymeric particles to multifunctional nanocapsules for biomedical applications using the miniemulsion process

Landfester

Musyanovych

Mailänder

2009

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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122

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ABSTRACT:The miniemulsions process represents a versatile tool for the formation of polymeric nanoparticles consisting of different kinds of polymer as obtained by a variety of polymerization types ranging from radical, anionic, cationic, enzymatic polymerization to polyaddition, and polycondensation. The process perfectly allows the encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic liquids and solids in polymeric shells, molecularly dissolved dyes or other components. In combination with a specific functionalization of the nanoparticles' or nanocapsules' surfaces and the possibility to release substances in a defined way from the interior, complex nanoparticles or nanocapsules are obtained, which are ideally suited for application in biomedical application as marker and targeted drug-delivery system. V C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2010

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Enzymatic Polymerization towards Biodegradable Polyester Nanoparticles

Cited by 70 publications

References 11 publications

Enzymatic Catalysis at Interfaces—Heterophase Systems as Substrates for Enzymatic Action

Enzymatic Catalysis at Interfaces—Heterophase Systems as Substrates for Enzymatic Action

Applications of Enzymes in Synthesis and Modification of Polymers

From polymeric particles to multifunctional nanocapsules for biomedical applications using the miniemulsion process

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