Enzymatic phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis in organic solvents: An examination of selected commercially available lipases

Abstract

Eight commercial lipase preparations were examined for the ability to hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine (PC) in hexane solutions. Only the enzymes from Humicola lanuginosa, Rhizopus de/emar and Candida rugosa displayed appreciable activity. Solvent polarity was the largest single factor affecting activity. The H. lanuginosa sample was most active in polar solvents. The R. de/emar preparation was most active in polar (2-hexanone) and nonpolar (decane) solvents and least active in solvents of intermediate polarity (hexane). The solvent dependence of the activity of the C. rugosa enzyme varied with the ratio of substrate to enzyme. Different degrees of activity were retained by the three enzymes after passive immobilization on Celite, controlled-pore glass, polypropylene and Amberlite XAD-7 resins. No single resin yielded the best retained activity for all three preparations. When examined in 2-octanone, hexane and isooctane, the Celite-immobilized R. de/emar and H. lanuginosa enzymes exhibited highest activity in 2-octanone, while immobilized C. rugosa was most active in isooctane. The water content at which maximum activity was observed was relatively independent of solvent polarity and the amount of catalyst but was proportional to the amount of PC in the reaction. The retention of activity by immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase (Lipozyme) during multiple hydrolytic cycles required a reduction in the water content of the system below that yielding optimal activity in a single cycle.

Comparative study of commercially available lipases in hydrolysis reaction of phosphatidylcholine

“…Phospholipids that exist in nature contain several fatty acids, the proportions depending on the source. For some practical applications, it is desirable to obtain phospholipids with specific fatty acids, which has prompted much research into changing the fatty acid composition of phospholipids by enzymatic conversion methods, such as hydrolysis (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), esterification (6,(13)(14)(15)(16), or transesterification (6,10,14,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

JulyNonenzymatic synthesis of glycerolipids catalyzed by imidazole

“…An overview of the literature shows that lipids of interest are generally synthesized as follows: the first step is an enzymatic hydrolysis catalyzed by various lipases (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). The lysolipids synthesized in this way are then purified and reacylated with the fatty acid of interest.…”

Lipase-catalyzed production of lysophospholipids

“…Indeed, they are efficient biocatalysts for hydrolysis of ester bonds (Haas et al, 1994;Hara et al, 1997;Gutiérrez-Ayesta et al, 2007) or acyl chain exchange in phospholipids (Haraldsson and Thorarensen, 1999;Vikbjerg et al, 2005). This paper describes the various ways using lipases for the production of LPLs with special emphasis on our works dealing with the production of DHA-LPLs via hydrolysis of DHA-rich phospholipids extracted from the microalga Isochrysis galbana.…”