Enzymatic modification of grapeseed (Vitis vinifera L.) oil aiming to obtain dietary triacylglycerols in a batch reactor

Abstract

Structured lipids (SL) are chemically or enzymatically modified oils and fats with respect to their original fatty acid composition or position in acylglycerols. These compounds present improved functional or nutraceutical properties. The present work aimed at the enzymatic synthesis of SL, MLM-type dietary triacylglycerols, that is, those with medium chain fatty acids (M) at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions, and long chain fatty acids (L), in the internal position of the triacylglycerol. Grapeseed oil was selected based on its composition rich in unsaturated fatty acids, principally linoleic acid. This oil was submitted to batch acidolysis with medium chain fatty acids (caprylic or capric) in solvent-free media. Reactions were catalyzed by different immobilized commercial lipases, namely: Lipozyme TL IM ® (Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase), Lipozyme RM IM ® (Rhizomucor miehei lipase) and Novozym 435 ® (Candida antarctica lipase B). The incorporation degree (ID) ranged from 23.62 ± 1.34 to 34.53 ± 0.05 mol%, after 24 h reaction at 45°C, using a molar ratio (MR) fatty acid:oil of 2:1. The best results were obtained using capric acid and Lipozyme RM IM ® lipase (34.53 ± 0.05 mol%). In the experimental design, the influence of MR and temperature on ID were evaluated. ID increased with MR and T and was fitted to a saddle-like surface.

Argan Oil as a Rich Source of Linoleic Fatty Acid for Dietetic Structured Lipids Production

“…Yet, it is possible to identify the region corresponding to the best results (T = 64-66 • C; MR = 4-5:1). In the acidolysis reaction between C8:0 or C10:0 and grapeseed oil, in the solvent-free system, using the same immobilized commercial lipases, Bassan et al [19] reported an optimal temperature of 69 • C in the reaction system, also found by Response Surface Methodology, which was very close to the optimal temperature observed in this study (Figure 3). Additionally, the best results were reported for C10:0 as medium-chain fatty acid and Lipozyme RM IM lipase as a catalyst.…”

“…MLM structured lipids are currently synthesized by acidolysis reaction between an oil rich in long-chain FA (e.g., olive, olive pomace, linseed, spent coffee grains, grapeseed, avocado, or microbial oils) and medium-chain FA, namely octanoic (C8:0; common namecaprylic acid) or decanoic (C10:0; common name-capric acid) acids, catalyzed by sn-1,3regioselective lipases [10,12,13,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Novozym 435: the “perfect” lipase immobilized biocatalyst?

“…For example, Lipozyme TL-IM, Lipozyme RM-IM and N435 were compared in the synthesis of caprylic or capric acids/long chain fatty acids/caprylic or capric acid triglycerides via batch acidolysis in solvent-free medium. 452 As an oil substrate, grapeseed oil (rich in linoleic acid) was utilized. The best results were obtained using capric acid and Lipozyme RM-IM.…”

Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and health aspects of structured lipids: A review

“…When applying immobilized enzymes for the industrial production of SLs, several factors have to be considered to fulfill their catalytic potential and maximize the acquisition of the target products. First, for a specific SL, it is required to screen the desired immobilized lipase and determine the optimal processing conditions (for example, substrate ratio, enzyme amount, reaction temperature, time, and pH) (Bassan et al., ; He et al., ; Wang, Wang, Wang, Jin, & Wang, ). Second, it is also important to select suitable reactors.…”