Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose for Bioethanol Production

Abstract

Contributed by Alexander RapoportThe effect of temperature, time and amount of enzyme on hydrolysis of wheat straw lignocellulose remaining after furfural production was studied.

High Sugar Production from Hydrolysate of Pineapple Residues via Integrated Enzyme‐Membrane System

“…The trend shown in this study is compatible with those hypotheses. Similar results were also obtained for enzymatic hydrolysis of crop residues like sugarcane bagasse, corn straw, and wheat straw where the optimal reaction temperature for the enzyme is found to be between 50 °C and 55 °C 22, 23, 29, 30. They also stated, when the temperature was further increased beyond 55 °C, the concentration of reducing sugar was reduced 22, 23, 30.…”

“…Similar hydrolysis patterns have been reported for enzymatic hydrolases of lignocellulosic biomasses such as wheat straw [29], corn cob [40], rose petals [41], and pineapple leaves [20] for sugar production. Jaafar et al [35] and Basu et al [42] reported that the sugar production increased and observed a slight decrease after some time.…”

“…The enzymatic reaction had reached the steady‐state phase for hydrolysis. It can be pointed out that such a trend in the rate of hydrolysis may be accounted for by enzyme activity decrease, substrate saturation or product inhibition 20, 29, 39–41. Hence, due to a lack of substrate, enzyme inhibitors, and enzyme deactivation, the hydrolysis efficiency may be reduced 20.…”

“…The effect of enzyme loading was also investigated by previous researchers where the results showed that higher concentrations of enzymes increased the sugar yield, but enzyme loadings beyond the optimum value gave almost the same sugar yield as produced at optimum enzyme loading [29]. Other researchers also reported a significant increase in the yield of sugar due to higher enzyme loading to an extent, but a further increase in enzyme loading did not improve the product yield or substrate conversion [34][35][36].…”

Mechanical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass toward enzymatic/fermentative valorization

“…Initially, enzymatic treatments aim to concentrate sugars so the fermentation process can increase its yield as glucose would be the substrate for the microorganisms to grow ( Vasic et al., 2021 ). Finally, the objective of thermal treatments is generally to either obtain biochar ( Rozenfelde et al., 2017 ) or products derived from pyrolysis ( Liang et al., 2021 ).…”