Enzymatic Enhancement of Infectivity of Reovirus

Spendlove, Rex S.; Schaffer, Frederick L.

doi:10.1128/jb.89.3.597-602.1965

Cited by 65 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The protective effect of lacteal TIs may thus be of shorter duration. It is tempting to speculate whether the TIs we have described, which seem to show antirotaviral activity, may also act against other viruses which show enhanced cell culture growth in the presence of trypsin, such as reovirus (25,29) and influenza A viruses (14). Possibly, the nonlipid, nonantibody, noninterferon macromolecule recently detected in human milk (17), which seems to inhibit a range of viruses including rotavirus (27), could also be a TI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of antibodies, trypsin, and trypsin inhibitors on susceptibility of neonates to rotavirus infection

McLean¹,

Holmes²

1981

J Clin Microbiol

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Levels of antirotaviral secretory immunoglobulin A were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay in colostrum and milk samples collected daily for the first 5 days postpartum from 49 mothers breast-feeding their infants. The trypsin-inhibitory capacity of these lacteal secretion samples was assessed by their ability to inhibit the hydrolysis of aN -benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroaniide by trypsin. Stools passed by these breast-fed infants and by an additional 43 bottlefed infants were pooled by individual and examined by electron microscopy for rotavirus. Stool trypsin levels were estimated with the gelatin hydrolysis test. Breast-fed infants were significantly less likely to become infected with rotavirus and showed significantly lower stool tryptic activity than did bottle-fed infants. Breast-fed infants who did not excrete rotavirus over the 5-day period received milk of significantly higher antirotaviral secretory immunoglobulin A or trypsininhibitory capacity or both than breast-fed infants who were infected with rotavirus. A case of probable maternal rotavirus infection during pregnancy, producing greatly elevated lacteal antirotaviral secretory immunoglobulin A levels lasting for 2 years, was detected. Results of this study suggest that both antibodies and trypsin inhibitors in human milk can be associated with the protection of neonates against rotavirus infection in the first 5 days of life.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of antibodies, trypsin, and trypsin inhibitors on susceptibility of neonates to rotavirus infection

McLean¹,

Holmes²

1981

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Enhanced plaque formation by proteolytic enzymes has been reported for reoviruses by chymotrypsin, trypsin and papain [15,16], and pancreatin [4,19], vaccinia virus by trypsin and chymotrypsin [7,8], enteroviruses by pancreatin [20], influenza A and B viruses by pancreatin and trypsin [1], and parainfluenza virus type 3 [13] and type 4 [10] by trypsin. Spendlove and Schaffer [16] suggested that the enhanced plaque formation of reoviruses by proteolytic enzymes resulted from the action of the enzyme on a virus-associated substrate. Lerner et al [9], however, reported that trypsin treatment of reovirus type 2 or Coxsackie B5 had little or no effect on infectivity, but similar treatment of reovirus type 1 increased infectivity titers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Plaque Formation by Sendai Virus of Parainfluenza Virus Group, Type 1 on Monkey, Calf Kidney and Chick Embryo Cell Monolayers

Shibuta

Akami

Matumoto

1971

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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Cynomolgus monkey kidney cells were found to be a highly sensitive medium for plaque formation of Sendai virus and provided a practical method for the infectivity assay of the virus. The method gave reproducible titers and was as sensitive as the egg inoculation method and was simple enough to be used routinely. Sendai virus formed no recognizable plaques on chick embryo cell monolayers. However, the incorporation of a small amount of trypsin into the overlay medium induced plaques. This method gave comparable titers to those obtained on monkey kidney monolayers. Sendai virus formed plaques on calf kidney cell monolayers, but difficulties in the application of the method to infectivity assay arose from the fact that the plaques formed in calf kidney cells were small and not homogeneous in size and were not clearly defined.

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“…Enzyme treatment and virus assay. Enhancement of the infectivity of reovirus preparations treated with proteolytic enzymes was done by the method of Spendlove and Schaffer (26), except that virus preparations were exposed to 200 p.g of trypsin per ml of sample. Assays of IV and PIV were performed before and after the trypsin treatment on Maden-Darby bovine kidney cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol stability of infectious and potentially infectious reovirus particles

Adams¹,

Spendlove²,

Spendlove³

et al. 1982

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The aerosol stability of two particle forms, infectious and potentially infectious, of reovirus were examined under static conditions for a range of relative humidities at 21 and 24°C. Virus aerosolization efficiency was determined for two methods of dissemination: Collison nebulizer and Chicago atomizer. Suspensions of Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores were added to reovirus preparations that included both particle forms and disseminated into a dynamic aerosol toroid to estimate the physical decay of the aerosols. At 90 to 100% relative humidity, both reovirus particle forms showed less than 10-fold loss of infectivity after 12 h of aging. At lower relative humidities the aerosol decay curve showed rapid initial decay followed by a markedly lower decay rate. Our findings reveal that reovirus particles are relatively stable in the airborne state.

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Enzymatic Enhancement of Infectivity of Reovirus

Cited by 65 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of antibodies, trypsin, and trypsin inhibitors on susceptibility of neonates to rotavirus infection

Effects of antibodies, trypsin, and trypsin inhibitors on susceptibility of neonates to rotavirus infection

Plaque Formation by Sendai Virus of Parainfluenza Virus Group, Type 1 on Monkey, Calf Kidney and Chick Embryo Cell Monolayers

Aerosol stability of infectious and potentially infectious reovirus particles

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