Enzymatic determination of urea in water and serum by optosensing flow injection analysis

Yerian, T.D.; Christian, Gary D.; Růžička, Jaromír

doi:10.1039/an9861100865

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…27 For example, in the creatinine determination some interferences (e.g., from proteins) can be eliminated by employing a kinetic method, as in the procedure used in the Clinical Hospital. Differences such as those found in this work have often been reported for clinical methodologies [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and seem to be tolerated from the clinical point of view. According to this point of view, these differences are not a serious drawback to the use of the proposed methodologies because the range of reference values for blood analyte concentrations is a function of the methodology and/or instrument employed for the determination.…”

Section: Determination Of Glucose Creatine and Ureasupporting

confidence: 53%

Automated Monosegmented Flow Analyser. Determination of Glucose, Creatinine and Urea

Raimundo¹

1997

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An automated monosegmented flow analyser containing a sampling valve and a reagent addition module and employing a laboratory-made photodiode array spectrophotometer as detection system is described. The instrument was controlled by a 386SX IBM compatible microcomputer through an IC8255 parallel port that communicates with the interface which controls the sampling valve and reagent addition module. The spectrophotometer was controlled by the same microcomputer through an RS232 serial standard interface. The software for the instrument was written in QuickBasic 4.5. Opto-switches were employed to detect the air bubbles limiting the monosegment, allowing precise sample localisation for reagent addition and signal reading. The main characteristics of the analyser are low reagent consumption and high sensitivity which is independent of the sample volume. The instrument was designed to determine glucose, creatinine or urea in blood plasma and serum without hardware modification. The results were compared against those obtained by the Clinical Hospital of UNICAMP using commercial analysers. Correlation coefficients among the methods were 0.997, 0.982 and 0.996 for glucose, creatinine and urea, respectively.

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Section: Determination Of Glucose Creatine and Ureasupporting

confidence: 53%

Automated Monosegmented Flow Analyser. Determination of Glucose, Creatinine and Urea

Raimundo¹

1997

Analyst

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“…Ammonia and carbon dioxide are formed upon enzymatic hydrolysis of urea in the presence of urease. This was utilized in numerous biosensors for urea based on optical pH transduction. ,,,− Such biosensors can, in principle, also be used for analysis of metal ions due to their inhibitory action on the activity of urease . Ammonia and CO 2 also are formed on hydrolysis of creatinine in the presence of creatinine deiminase which was used for detection of this analyte with help of an optical pH transducer .…”

Section: Selected Applications Of Optical Ph Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Sensing and Imaging of pH Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications

2020

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This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that contains subsections on the definition of the pH value, a brief look back on optical methods for sensing of pH, on the effects of ionic strength on pH values and p K a values, on the selectivity, sensitivity, precision, dynamic ranges, and temperature dependence of such sensors. Commonly used optical sensing schemes are covered in a next main chapter, with subsections on methods based on absorptiometry, reflectometry, luminescence, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance, photonic crystals, turbidity, mechanical displacement, interferometry, and solvatochromism. This is followed by sections on absorptiometric and luminescent molecular probes for use pH in sensors. Further large sections cover polymeric hosts and supports, and methods for immobilization of indicator dyes. Further and more specific sections summarize the state of the art in materials with dual functionality (indicator and host), nanomaterials, sensors based on upconversion and 2-photon absorption, multiparameter sensors, imaging, and sensors for extreme pH values. A chapter on the many sensing formats has subsections on planar, fiber optic, evanescent wave, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance and holography based sensor designs, and on distributed sensing. Another section summarizes selected applications in areas, such as medicine, biology, oceanography, bioprocess monitoring, corrosion studies, on the use of pH sensors as transducers in biosensors and chemical sensors, and their integration into flow-injection analyzers, microfluidic devices, and lab-on-a-chip systems. An extra section is devoted to current challenges, with subsections on challenges of general nature and those of specific nature. A concluding section gives an outlook on potential future trends and perspectives.

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“…Urea is the end product of protein metabolism and its detection is of interest in clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring and food science. At present, several methods have been used for urea detection, such as chemiluminescence detection, 22 ow injection analysis, 23,24 ion chromatography, 25 nuclear magnetic resonance, 26 and electrochemical methods. 27,28 These methods have their own advantages and analytical application elds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enzymatic-reaction induced production of polydopamine nanoparticles for sensitive and visual sensing of urea

Wang

Thia

et al. 2015

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Dopamine (DA) has attracted extensive interest due to not only its important roles in physiological and pathological processes, but also its prospective applications in chemistry and materials science. In this work, we demonstrate that the urease catalytic reaction is an effective new approach for a better control of DA polymerization to polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs). And we further develop an original and novel method for sensitive and visual sensing of urea through spectroscopic or particle size analysis. The detection is based on DA polymerization to PDA NPs that can be controlled by the reaction rate of urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis, correspondingly, correlated with the varied urea concentration. The composition, morphologies and sizes of the resulting PDA NPs are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy, respectively. Under optimal reaction conditions, the UV absorbance of DA polymerization at 400 nm shows a good response towards urea detection over a range of 1 × 10(-7) to 1 × 10(-3) M with a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 nM (S/N = 3). Moreover, the sizes of the resulting PDA NPs increase linearly with urea concentration from 5 × 10(-6) to 1 × 10(-4) M. The newly developed assay allows the enzymatic-reaction driven PDA NPs to be used for quantitative detection of urea with many advantages, e.g. simple preparation, easy visualization, good sensitivity, wide detection range and low interference, in particular, no complex sensor-fabrication required.

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Enzymatic determination of urea in water and serum by optosensing flow injection analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Automated Monosegmented Flow Analyser. Determination of Glucose, Creatinine and Urea

Automated Monosegmented Flow Analyser. Determination of Glucose, Creatinine and Urea

Optical Sensing and Imaging of pH Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications

Enzymatic-reaction induced production of polydopamine nanoparticles for sensitive and visual sensing of urea

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