Enzymatic determination of unconjugated oestrogens in faeces for pregnancy diagnosis in mares

Bamberg, E.; Choi, H. S.; Möstl, Erich; Wurm, W. Heinrich; Lorin, D.; Arbeiter, K

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb02012.x

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Therefore, an increasing number of investigators have used faecal steroid hormone analysis as an alternative for monitoring ovarian function and pregnancy. Such studies have been described for various domestic and wildlife species including horses (Mosti et al, 1983;Bamberg et al, 1984;Kirkpatrick et al, 1991;Lucas et al, 1991;Schwarzenberger et al, 1991Schwarzenberger et al, , 1992, pigs , cows and muskoxen (Desaulniers et al, 1989), caribou (Messier et al, 1990), various zoo animals (SafarHermann et al, 1987;Bamberg et al, 1991) and different species of ape (Wasser et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Concentrations of faecal immunoreactive progestagen metabolites during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli)

Schwarzenberger¹,

Francke²,

Göltenboth³

1993

Reproduction

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The analysis of reproductive hormones in faecal samples is a possibility for non-invasive monitoring of reproductive status in free-ranging or intractable species. In the present study, faecal samples from three black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis michaeli) were collected at about weekly intervals during oestrous cycles and pregnancy. Daily samples were taken during the week after parturition. Total immunoreactive progestagens in faecal extracts were analysed with three different enzymeimmunoassays (EIA) that had considerable specificity for progestagens containing either a 20\g=a\-hydroxyl or a 20-keto group. With each EIA it was possible to distinguish between the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. Mating corresponded with low concentrations of faecal progestagens. Samples from five and six consecutive cycles were available from two rhinoceroses and cycle lengths of 24 and 26.5 days were calculated. All three animals became pregnant and the duration of gestation ranged from 440 to 470 days. After fertilization, the concentration of progestagens increased continuously, as in the luteal phase, reaching values 5\p=n-\10times higher between days 60 and 250. During the two weeks before parturition faecal progestagens declined and within 3\p=n-\4 days post partum had reached follicular phase values. It was concluded that several immunoreactive progestagens are present in the faeces of black rhinoceroses and that their measurement with EIA enables non-invasive monitoring of the oestrous cycle and pregnancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Concentrations of faecal immunoreactive progestagen metabolites during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli)

Schwarzenberger¹,

Francke²,

Göltenboth³

1993

Reproduction

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“…The unconjugated estrogen content of the fecal samples collected was extracted using the procedure established at the Veterinary University, Vienna [Bamberg et al, 1984;Safar-Hermann et al, 1987;Schwarzenberger et al, 19911. Fecal samples were thawed and 0.5 g was suspended directly in 1.5 ml of potassium hydroxide (KOH; 1 .OM).…”

Section: Extraction and Analysis Of Fecal Unconjugated Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring fecal samples for estrogen excretion across the ovarian cycle in Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii)

1994

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In captive Goeldi's monkeys, estrogen concentration was determined in fecal samples collected from 4 cycling/unmated females and 4 postpartudmated females in order to ascertain the potential of fecal estrogen monitoring for providing basic information about reproductive status in this endangered Amazonian monkey. Subjects were fed an omnivorous diet and first-void feces were collected in the home cage at 1-3-day intervals for 30-50 days from the cycling females, and at 6-14-day intervals around the estimated time of the postpartum ovulation in each of the 4 mated females. Estimates for the duration of ovarian cycles (22-26 days) and the timing of ovulation were based on cyclic profiles of either blood progesterone or urinary pregnanediol-3a-glucuronide. Fecal estrogen values were normalized using these plasma or urinary profiles. HPLC analysis of estrogen from postpartum fecal samples demonstrated the presence of unconjugated estrone and estradiol-17p ("unconjugated estrogen"). Unconjugated estrogen was extracted and its fecal concentration estimated via EIA. The correlation (I) between plasma estrone conjugates and fecal unconjugated estrogen across nonconception ovarian cycles was 0.65 and measurement of the latter generated cyclic profiles. A range of 4-36-ng unconjugated estrogen g-' feces was identified for follicular phases of nonconception cycles. Fecal unconjugated estrogen first exceeded the concentration range of the follicular phase 2-5 days after ovulation; the range was 49-402 ng g-' feces in samples collected during the remainder of these nonconception luteal phases. Luteal phase concentrations were on average 10-fold higher than follicular phase concentrations. Each of the 4 mated females conceived at its postpartum ovulation; concentrations of fecal unconjugated estrogen excreted by 3 of these females demonstrated a marked postovulatory increase. This study demonstrates that fecal unconjugated estrogen can be applied to monitor ovarian cyclicity in Goeldi's monkey. 0 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Not only are they considered too aggressive for standard hoofstock restraint systems, but they experience more complications from anesthesia than do most other exotic species. The development of assays for measuring levels of gonadal steroids excreted in feces of horses [Bamberg et al, 1984;Kirkpatrick et al, 1991;Schwarzenberger et al, 1991;Palme et al, 1994] and for equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in urine [Roser and Lofstedt, 1989;Ramsay et al, 1994] represent alternative approaches for studies of reproductive physiology in zebras. An understanding of reproductive processes is important for captive breeding programs for this endangered species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of excretion of fecal estradiol and progesterone and urinary chorionic gonadotropin in Grevy’s zebras (Equus grevyi): Ovulatory cycles and pregnancy

et al. 2001

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The ovulatory cycle and pregnancy of the endangered Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi) was characterized by analyzing excretion patterns of fecal estradiol and progesterone. Pregnancy was further described by assay of urinary equine chorionic gonadotropin. Courtship and mating behavior were similar to that seen in the domestic horse, but cycle length was longer, ranging from 28 to 35 days. Steroid hormone profiles during pregnancy were likewise similar to the horse, but gestation length was longer (391 and 406 days) in the two mature mares. A young mare was first seen to mate when 1 year 3 months of age, at which time she conceived but then aborted at 101 days' gestation. Conception occurred after one and possibly two more abortions. A healthy foal was born after a gestation period of 425 days, when the mare was 3 years 4 months old, the youngest age at first foaling to be reported for this species. Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was first detected between 35 and 40 days' gestation, as in the horse, returning to baseline at about 195 days. However, in one young mare, eCG was also detectable around the time of ovulation. The eCG antibody may have crossreacted with luteinizing hormone, which would have been reaching peak concentrations at about that time. The general agreement of the endocrine results with observed occurrence of mating behavior and of parturition demonstrates that assay of excreted hormones can be used to document puberty, monitor ovarian cycles, and diagnose and monitor pregnancy in Grevy's zebra mares. Zoo

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Enzymatic determination of unconjugated oestrogens in faeces for pregnancy diagnosis in mares

Cited by 33 publications

References 3 publications

Concentrations of faecal immunoreactive progestagen metabolites during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli)

Concentrations of faecal immunoreactive progestagen metabolites during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli)

Monitoring fecal samples for estrogen excretion across the ovarian cycle in Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii)

Patterns of excretion of fecal estradiol and progesterone and urinary chorionic gonadotropin in Grevy’s zebras (Equus grevyi): Ovulatory cycles and pregnancy

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