Enzymatic Conversion of Sex Pheromones in Olfactory Hairs of the Male Silkworm Moth Antheraea polyphemus

Kasang, G.; Nicholls, Michael E. R.; Keil, Thomas A.; Kanaujia, Sudha

doi:10.1515/znc-1989-11-1208

Cited by 20 publications

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“…Hopefully, such studies will also answer the question whether PBP is not only synthesized, but also internalized and decomposed by auxiliary cells. Such a complete turnover might be involved in the final decomposition of pheromone known to occur in the antennal branches (Kasang et al, 1989).…”

Section: Concluding Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental morphology of insect olfaction: Tracer studies, x‐ray microanalysis, autoradiography, and immunocytochemistry with silkmoth antennae

Steinbrecht

1992

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The general morphology and methodological peculiarities of insect sensilla are briefly reviewed. The stimulus conducting pore-tubule systems of pheromone-sensitive sensilla of the silkmoths Bombyx mori and Antheraea polyphemus are described. Lipophilic tracers readily enter the hair lumen, while hydrophilic tracers do so only after prolonged extraction with lipid solvents and/or pronase. X-ray microanalysis demonstrates a high potassium content of the sensillum lymph; calcium was only found in the haemolymph above detection limit. Auxiliary cells rapidly take up radioactive leucine administered via the haemolymph. Antibodies against pheromone-binding protein of Antheraea polyphemus label the sensillum lymph of sensilla trichodea, but not of sensilla basiconica in A. polyphemus as well as in B. mori. The cytoplasm of auxiliary cells of the sensilla trichodea is also labelled. The results are discussed in context with present hypotheses on the role of sensillum lymph in stimulus transport and inactivation.

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Section: Concluding Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental morphology of insect olfaction: Tracer studies, x‐ray microanalysis, autoradiography, and immunocytochemistry with silkmoth antennae

Steinbrecht

1992

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Thus, rapid deactivation of the Pheromone must occur. The Pheromone components are slowly, within min,2 degraded by a male specific esterase in the sensillum lymph 3. Volatile compounds selectively inhibiting the activity of the sensillar esterase were tested for their effects on moth olfactory responses to show if the block of the esterase would affect the rapid decativation of the Pheromone.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibitors of Sensillar Esterase Block Reversibly the Responses of Moth Pheromone Receptor Cells

Pophof

1998

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The pheromone of Antherae polyphemus is slowly (within min) degraded by a sensillum lymph specific esterase. The effects of two volatile alkyl-thio-trifluoro-methyl-ketones with alkyl chain length of six (HTFP) and ten carbons (DTFP), which selectively inhibit the activity of the sensillar esterase, were tested. Single sensillum recordings from sensilla trichodea were performed on isolated antennae either held in a continuous stream of clean air, or exposed to an airstream containing one of the esterase inhibitors. Afterwards the antennae were stimulated with the pheromone components (E,Z)-6,11-hexadecadienyl acetate and (E,Z)-6,11-hexadecadienal. Both esterase inhibitors caused a reduction of electrophysiological responses to each of the two pheromone compounds. The DTFP was slightly more effective than HTFP. An almost complete block of the receptor potential amplitude and nerve impulse response was achieved within seconds of exposure to the inhibitors. Responses of both pheromone receptor cells were reduced to the same extent. The half-times of rise and decline of the receptor potential remained unaffected in most cells. The responses to pheromone partially recovered to approximately 50-70% within several min in clean air. An inhibition of the sensillar esterase cannot explain the observed effects. The inhibitors could either react directly with the receptor molecules, thereby inhibiting the action of the pheromone, or bind to the pheromone-binding protein (PBP) and prevent the formation of the pheromone-PBP complex stimulating the receptor.

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“…Olfactory esterase activity has been demonstrated in a wide variety of species such as insects and mammals, including primates (Shantha & Nakajima, 1970). In fact, in moths, esterase conversion of sex pheromones in olfactory hairs of the adult antennae is an important component of olfaction (Maa & Lin, 1985;Kasang et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Affinity Nasal Extraction of Vinyl Acetate Vapor Is Carboxylesterase Dependent

Bogdanffy

1999

Inhalation Toxicology

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Vinyl acetate induces nasal tumors in rats, but not mice. Species differences in airflow patterns, physiology, and biochemistry complicate extrapolation of nasal dosimetry from rats to humans. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of vinyl acetate dosimetry in rats suggested the presence of a saturable metabolic removal pathway in rat nasal mucus. We explored the possibility that this pathway is either a cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) or high-affinity carboxylesterase. Nasal extraction of vinyl acetate vapor (150 ppm) was measured in the surgically isolated nasal cavity of anesthetized rats. Vinyl acetate (150 ppm) was extracted with 73% efficiency in controls. Pretreatment of rats with the CYP2E1 inhibitor diallyl sulfide (DAS) had no effect on extraction, despite significantly reducing CYP2E1 activity. Pretreatment with bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP), a carboxylesterase inhibitor, reduced extraction to approximately 41%. Acetaldehyde production was similarly unaffected by DAS but was reduced to 55% of control by BNPP. Rat nasal mucus carboxylesterase activity had a K(m) value (32 microM) similar, within a factor of 2, to the value predicted by the physiologically based model, although V(max) was significantly lower than the model prediction. Histochemical observations support the inference that the high-affinity carboxylesterase is bound to the luminal plasma membrane of nasal tissue and is not readily released by nasal lavage, providing an explanation for the low V(max) of the lavage enzyme. This high-affinity isoenzyme could be important in the removal of odorants from the sensory cell-rich nasal olfactory epithelium.

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Enzymatic Conversion of Sex Pheromones in Olfactory Hairs of the Male Silkworm Moth Antheraea polyphemus

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental morphology of insect olfaction: Tracer studies, x‐ray microanalysis, autoradiography, and immunocytochemistry with silkmoth antennae

Experimental morphology of insect olfaction: Tracer studies, x‐ray microanalysis, autoradiography, and immunocytochemistry with silkmoth antennae

Inhibitors of Sensillar Esterase Block Reversibly the Responses of Moth Pheromone Receptor Cells

High-Affinity Nasal Extraction of Vinyl Acetate Vapor Is Carboxylesterase Dependent

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