Enzymatic Bioremediation of Endosulfan in Soil Using Ligninolytic Extract of Spent Mushroom Compost of Pleurotus Ostreatus

Abstract

Endosulfan is known for its non target toxicity in various compartments of ecosystem. Its presence in hotspots and agricultural fields is an environmental concern. In this study spent mushroom compost extract of Pleurotus ostreatus (SMCE) was evaluated for its potential in bioremediation against Endosulfan in different microcosms. Activities of Laccase and MnP were also monitored to observe their possible role in this process. The SMCE alone (M1) and SMCE with H2O2(M2) exhibited no significant difference in reduction of α-and β-Endosulfan. This suggested that stimulation of ligninolytic enzymes, Laccase and Manganese peroxidase, after addition of H2O2 as observed by monitoring their activity had no effect on bioremediation of this pesticide. In soil microcosms however, there was a significantly higher reduction in M4(H2O2 + SMCE) than M3(SMCE) suggesting that SCME not only served as source of complex enzymes but also as carbon resulting in enhanced soil indigenous microbial communities and enzymes. Under the effect of H2O2, certain enzyme complexes either already present in soil or introduced after SMCE addition worked in symbiotic way and resulted in higher reduction. Endosulfan sulfate was detected in all microcosms expect Endosulfan Sulfate while Endosulfan lactone was only formed in M3 and M4.

Spent substrate from mushroom cultivation: exploitation potential toward various applications and value-added products

“…In other studies, different buffers and conditions were evaluated for extraction of α-amylase, endoglucanase, laccase, and endoxylanase from SMS of P. eryngii, P. ostreatus , and P. cornucopiae ; the best recoveries were achieved using sodium citrate buffer [ 172 , 173 ]. Sadiq et al [ 174 ] used a sodium tartrate buffer for extracting manganese peroxidase (MnP), laccase, and lignin peroxidase (LiP) from P. ostreatus SMS and used the extract for bioremediation of contaminated soil. The SMS of P. florida [ 36 , 44 ] has also been reported as a source of lignin oxidases (versatile peroxidase (VP), MnP, LiP, and laccase) and polysaccharide hydrolases (CMCase, xylanase, and cellobiohydrolase).…”