Enzymatic biocatalysis in chemical synthesis of pharmaceuticals (Review)

Biocatalysis and Pharmaceuticals: A Smart Tool for Sustainable Development

“…One type of applied biocatalysis, also called a biotransformation [2], takes advantage of the excellent enzymatic precision inherent to its use, in terms of chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, or stereoselectivity. The use of biotransformations has increased considerably in recent decades, complementing classical chemical synthesis in multiple industries, mainly for the preparation of pharmaceuticals [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], fine chemicals [19][20][21] or food products [22][23][24]. Additionally, and based on the principles and metrics of green chemistry [25][26][27][28][29] and sustainable chemistry [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], biocatalysis fits perfectly into this framework; in fact, biocatalyzed procedures are highly efficient, economical, and generate less waste than conventional organic syntheses [38][39][40][41][42][43][44]…”

Biocatalysis in radiochemistry: Enzymatic incorporation of PET radionuclides into molecules of biomedical interest

“…In addition, immobilized enzymes show often increased stability, facilitate the product separation, and avoid time‐consuming purification steps . All these facts open new avenues for the application of enzymatic chemistry to the preparation of radiolabeled compounds in multiple biomedical applications …”

“…6 All these facts open new avenues for the application of enzymatic chemistry to the preparation of radiolabeled compounds in multiple biomedical applications. [7][8][9] Hitherto, enzymes have been used to radiosynthesize [ 13 N/ 11 C]amino acids, [ 18 F]nucleoside derivatives, and [ 11 C/ 18 F]proteins. Additionally, enzymatic reactions have been used to regiospecifically and stereospecifically introduce radioactive precursors into a plethora of biological molecules.…”

A Biocatalytic Route to Highly Enantioenriched β‐Hydroxydioxinones

“…The use of evolved ketoreductase [22] and p450 [23] enzymes in synthesis continues to grow rapidly since these complementary catalyst systems (reduction vs. oxidation, respectively) can produce chiral alcohols with high efficiency and superb selectivity. [24] Specifically, ketoreductases have been utilized in the production of a variety of statins, [25] β-lactam antibiotics, [26] anti-inflammatory medicines, [27] cancer treatments [28] and other various pharmaceutical building blocks.…”