2021
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073346
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Enzymatic and Chemical Cross-Linking of Bacterial Cellulose/Fish Collagen Composites—A Comparative Study

Abstract: This article compares the properties of bacterial cellulose/fish collagen composites (BC/Col) after enzymatic and chemical cross-linking. In our methodology, two transglutaminases are used for enzymatic cross-linking—one recommended for the meat and the other proposed for the fish industry—and pre-oxidated BC (oxBC) is used for chemical cross-linking. The structure of the obtained composites is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform i… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…Moreover, suitable crosslinking treatments are being studied to improve the thermal stability of fish collagen [ 188 , 189 ]. Other possible solutions could be the blend of collagen with other biopolymers, mainly chitosan [ 77 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 ], and the addition of active compounds providing functional properties suitable for active packaging [ 187 , 194 ].…”
Section: Collagen Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, suitable crosslinking treatments are being studied to improve the thermal stability of fish collagen [ 188 , 189 ]. Other possible solutions could be the blend of collagen with other biopolymers, mainly chitosan [ 77 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 ], and the addition of active compounds providing functional properties suitable for active packaging [ 187 , 194 ].…”
Section: Collagen Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…31 A more compact intertwining structure creates less free spaces, thereby hindering the diffusion of heat into the material, resulting in more heat absorbance, followed by more rapid weight loss and less thermal stability. 32 This is at odds with the BET results with the material treated in the VFD at ω 6k having double the surface area (48.34 vs 24.13 m 2 /g) and double the porosity (0.0701 vs 0.0351 cm 3 /g) in comparison with the untreated material. This difference indicates that compacting the fibers opens pores on their surfaces, now allowing access to more internal volume in the fibers, that is, the material is more compact at the micron scale but more porous at the nm scale.…”
Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Another major parameter affecting the thermal stability of cellulose is the compactness of the cellulose strands . A more compact intertwining structure creates less free spaces, thereby hindering the diffusion of heat into the material, resulting in more heat absorbance, followed by more rapid weight loss and less thermal stability . This is at odds with the BET results with the material treated in the VFD at ω 6k having double the surface area (48.34 vs 24.13 m 2 /g) and double the porosity (0.0701 vs 0.0351 cm 3 /g) in comparison with the untreated material.…”
Section: Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The use of fish collagen films is limited in the packaging industry by some disadvantages such as low thermal stability and relatively poor mechanical properties [ 146 , 147 ]. Moreover, collagen is a hydrophilic polymer which has hydroxyl groups; thus, the water vapor could easily permeate through the film.…”
Section: Applications In Food Packagingmentioning
confidence: 99%