Enzymatic amplification in a bioinspired, autonomous signal cascade

Graf, Nora; Krämer, Roland

doi:10.1039/b611319b

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Metal ion cofactor release has also been exploited for allosteric enzyme activation for sensing and has been demonstrated effectively by Graf and Krämer for fluorescent DNA detection (Scheme 27). 167 In the presence of Zn 2+ , single-stranded DNA, complementary to that of the target, modified at each end with a terpyridine moiety forms a stable cyclic structure. 168 Upon the addition of target single-stranded DNA, a conformational change occurs to accommodate the formation of the more favourable DNA double helix and bis-chelation to the metal ion is disrupted.…”

Section: Single-catalyst Signal Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches towards molecular amplification for sensing

Goggins

Frost

2016

Analyst

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Diagnostic assays that rely on molecular interactions have come a long way; from initial reversible detection systems towards irreversible reaction indicator-based methods. More recently, the emergence of innovative molecular amplification methodologies has revolutionised sensing, allowing diagnostic assays to achieve ultra-low limits of detection. There have been a significant number of molecular amplification approaches developed over recent years to accommodate the wide variety of analytes that require sensitive detection. To celebrate this achievement, this comprehensive critical review has been compiled to give a broad overview of the many different approaches used to attain amplification in sensing with an aim to inspire the next generation of diagnostic assays looking to achieve the ultimate detection limit. This review has been created with the focus on how each conceptually unique molecular amplification methodology achieves amplification, not just its sensitivity, while highlighting any key processes. Excluded are any references that were not found to contain an obvious molecular amplifier or amplification component, or that did not use an appropriate signal readout that could be incorporated into a sensing application. Additionally, methodologies where amplification is achieved through advances in instrumentation are also excluded. Depending upon the type of approach employed, amplification strategies are divided into four categories: target, label, signal or receptor amplification. More recent, more complex protocols combine a number of approaches and are therefore categorised by which amplification component described within was considered as the biggest advancement. The advantages and disadvantages of each methodology are discussed along with any limits of detection, if stated in the original article. Any subsequent use of the methodology within sensing or any other application is also mentioned to draw attention to its practicality. The importance of amplification within sensing is wholly emphasised while perspectives on the future direction of the field are also shared.

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Section: Single-catalyst Signal Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches towards molecular amplification for sensing

Goggins

Frost

2016

Analyst

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“…Novel signal-transduction strategies, such as enzymatic signal detection and electrochemical electron transfer, have been developed as substitutes for fluorescence analysis. [87,88,131,138] In these detection methods, the reporter is an enzyme or electrochemical agent linked to the free end of an MB. The conformational change of the MB upon hybridization with the target nucleic acid triggers the release of a signal by the reporter.…”

Section: Biosensors and Biochipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Engineering of DNA: Molecular Beacons

et al. 2009

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Molecular beacons (MBs) are specifically designed DNA hairpin structures that are widely used as fluorescent probes. Applications of MBs range from genetic screening, biosensor development, biochip construction, and the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms to mRNA monitoring in living cells. The inherent signal-transduction mechanism of MBs enables the analysis of target oligonucleotides without the separation of unbound probes. The MB stem-loop structure holds the fluorescence-donor and fluorescence-acceptor moieties in close proximity to one another, which results in resonant energy transfer. A spontaneous conformation change occurs upon hybridization to separate the two moieties and restore the fluorescence of the donor. Recent research has focused on the improvement of probe composition, intracellular gene quantitation, protein-DNA interaction studies, and protein recognition.

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“…[16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]33] Besides this application, the use of ligand-modified DNA oligonucleotides for the sequence-specific detection of nucleic acids has also been reported. [31,34,35,37] However, the use of a ligand-based nucleoside in the generation of higher-order DNA structure was only reported by us recently. [54] A reasonable approach to using ligand-based nucleosides for the assembly of higher-order DNA structures is their incorporation at the end of an oligonucleotide.…”

Section: Metal-ion-induced Aggregation Of Bipyridinecontaining Oligonmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metal‐Ion‐Mediated Base Pairs in Nucleic Acids

Müller

2008

Eur J Inorg Chem

159

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Nucleic acids and their analogues raise more and more interest in research areas outside biology and biochemistry. The functionalization of these evolutionary optimized self-assembling macromolecules with metal ions widens their applicability even further. Previous efforts to incorporate metal ions site-specifically into nucleic acids focused on the covalent attachment of appropriate ligands to either the sugar phosphate backbone or the nucleobases. More recently, the

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Enzymatic amplification in a bioinspired, autonomous signal cascade

Abstract: A two-step reaction cascade is applied to the sequence-specific detection of DNA by enzymatic amplification of the molecular into an optical signal.

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Approaches towards molecular amplification for sensing

Approaches towards molecular amplification for sensing

Molecular Engineering of DNA: Molecular Beacons

Metal‐Ion‐Mediated Base Pairs in Nucleic Acids

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