Enzymatic activities and protein profile of latex from Calotropis procera

Freitas, Cléverson D.T.; Oliveira, Jefferson Soares de; Miranda, Maria Raquel Alcântara de; Macedo, Nívea Maria R.; Sales, Maurı́cio P.; Villas-Boas, Laurival A.; Ramos, Márcio V.

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.07.020

Cited by 98 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, latex generated deleterious effects in insects may be due to presence of α-amylase inhibitors [53], N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminase [54], flavonoids [55] and different types of lectins [56]. As it is already reported that laticifer fluids from Calatropis procera contain endogenous soluble proteins which are enzymatic in nature [57] and show proteolytic [49,58] and insecticidal activity [49], these proteins mainly proteases found in different plant latexes [46,59] seem to be associated with insecticidal activity [60,57] and play a defensive role in plants [61] similar to lectin molecules [56]. C. procera latex also contains Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors [62] which inhibit feeding in caterpillars by disrupting peritrophic matrix [63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of plant latex based anti-termite formulations on Indian white termite <i>Odontotermes obesus</i> (Isoptera: Odontotermitidae) in sub-tropical high infestation areas

Upadhyay¹

2013

OJAS

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In the present investigation various bioassays were conducted to evaluate the anti-termite efficacy of plant latex based formulations to control population of Indian white termite in subtropical soil. Results reveal that crude latex, its fractions and combinatorial fractions have shown very high toxicity against O. obesus. The LD 50 values for different latex fractions of 24 h were in a range of 5.0 -17.613 μg/mg while combined mixtures of Calotropis procera have shown synergistic activity against termites and caused comparably high mortality with LD 50 1.987 -6.016 μg/mg. The mortality rate was found dose and time dependent as it was found to be increased with an increase in dose and exposure period. In olfactometry tests, C. procera latex solvent fractions have shown significant repellency at a very low dose 0.010 -0.320 μg/mg. Interestingly, solvent fractions have significantly repelled large numbers of worker termites due to volatile action of active components of latex and different additives. ED 50 values obtained in crude latex were 0.121 μg/mg body weights while combinatorial formulations have shown ED 50 in between 0.015 -0.036 μg/mg. Statistical analysis of repelled and un-repelled termites gave a low Chi-square value (X 2 value = 0.890) which is an indicator of independence of repellent action in randomly selected termite groups. In field experiments pre-soaked cotton threads impregnated with Calotropis procera crude latex were tagged around tree trunks of Tectona grandis provided a wider protection against O. obesus. By employing these pre-coated threads, termite infestation and tunneling activity were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 and 0.01). When germinating crop plants were sprayed with various plant latex formulations, these have caused very high protective efficacy against termite infestation. It has significantly reduced crop losses up to 6.45%. There was a significant difference in infestation obtained in control and treatment groups (P < 0.05 and 0.01) which shows that Calotropis procera possesses enough anti-termite potential against Indian white termite, O. obesus population. If used these, formulations may also provide wide a range of control against other kinds of pests including house hold, medical and veterinary. However, Calotropis procera latex based formulations can be recommended for effective control of termites in high infestation areas by applying spray, or in form of poison baits or as fumigant in pure form.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of plant latex based anti-termite formulations on Indian white termite <i>Odontotermes obesus</i> (Isoptera: Odontotermitidae) in sub-tropical high infestation areas

Upadhyay¹

2013

OJAS

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“…The plant is well known for its abundant and continuous latex production that is mainly recovered in the green parts of the plant. The latex has been reported to comprise chitinases, proteinases and anti-oxidative enzymes (Freitas et al, 2007). Further studies have shown that laticifer proteins are involved in the plant's defense against crop pests (Ramos et al, 2007;Ramos et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CARDINAL TEMPERATURES FOR GERMINATION OF THE MEDICINAL ANDDESERT PLANT, Calotropis procera

2015

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-Calotropis procera, Apocynaceae, is a wild perennial shrub that originated in the Persian deserts. It is known to provide key resources in degraded ecosystems to about 80 animal species. C. procera is regenerated by seed and produces lots of small seeds that are dispersed by wind; nonetheless, its density is very low. The purpose of this study is to estimate the cardinal temperatures including the base, optimum, and maximum temperatures of Calotropis procera looking at two different ecotypes in the Iranian desert. The germination behavior of C. procera seeds was tested at temperature regimens of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 o C and was analyzed using linear regression models. The rate of germination increased between base and optimum thermal conditions, and decreased between optimum and maximum thermal conditions. The base, optimum and maximum temperatures for germination of C. procera seeds were estimated at 19.10, 30.75 and 47.80 o C for the Fars and 20.00, 31.82 and 49.69 o C for the Zahedan desert, respectively. Temperature and germination were rated to determine the seeding dates of the C. procera. Overall, cardinal temperatures for germination were dependent on local climate characteristics for the range of adaptations in plant growth of the given species.

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“…The procedure to isolate the whole laticifer proteins has been published in several of our own works and checked by electrophoresis. For more information and details of the methodology see Freitas et al (2007Freitas et al ( , 2010. The other two fractions are merely the complementary material of the fractionated latices obtained by precipitation or exclusion by dialysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laticifer cells perform intense metabolic activity and in addition to the presence of typical Eukaryotic sub-cellular structures they synthesize and accumulate, under pressure, numerous distinct metabolites (Selvaraj et al, 1984;Han et al, 2000;Kalita and Saikia, 2004;Freitas et al, 2007;Farias et al, 2007). Studies performed aiming at understanding the biochemical profile of latex have offered convincing evidence for a defensive role played by these saps (Azarkan et al, 1997;Freitas et al, 2007;Ramos et al, 2009). Latices have been implicated in acute and chronic harmful effects on mammals (AlMezaine et al, 2005;Turillazzi et al, 2008;Albuquerque et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latex fluids are endowed with insect repellent activity not specifically related to their proteins or volatile substances

Ramos

Araújo

Oliveira

et al. 2011

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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Latex is an endogenous milky fluid synthesized and accumulated under pressure in a network of laticifer cells. In this study, latices from five plant species were examined for deterrent effect on oviposition of two Coleoptera (Bruchidae) pests. The latex from Euphorbia tirucalli, Calotropis procera and Plumeria rubrae exhibited deterrent activity on oviposition of both Callosobruchus maculatusand Zabrotis subfasciatus beetles. The latex from Cryptostegia grandiflora and Himathantus drasticus were less effective to C. maculatus and Z. subfasciatus oviposition, respectively. Eggs laid on latex-treated seeds were not affected.The emergence and the mean time of development and weight of larvae grown in treated seeds were similar to the controls. The deterrent activity of C. procera and P. rubra was dose and time-dependent for Z. subfasciatus rather than to C. maculatus. The deterrent effect was completely eliminated if the whole latices were fractionated in protein fractions, rubber and small metabolites. Exposing insects to crude latices did not alter ovipostion on untreated seeds. These results suggest that latices possess deterrent activity on insect oviposition mediated by a repellent effect, but that proteins and volatile substances are probably not involved. The repellent-like activity can be considered as a defensive role played by these fluids that relies on the combined action of their components.

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Enzymatic activities and protein profile of latex from Calotropis procera

Cited by 98 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of plant latex based anti-termite formulations on Indian white termite <i>Odontotermes obesus</i> (Isoptera: Odontotermitidae) in sub-tropical high infestation areas

Effects of plant latex based anti-termite formulations on Indian white termite <i>Odontotermes obesus</i> (Isoptera: Odontotermitidae) in sub-tropical high infestation areas

CARDINAL TEMPERATURES FOR GERMINATION OF THE MEDICINAL ANDDESERT PLANT, Calotropis procera

Latex fluids are endowed with insect repellent activity not specifically related to their proteins or volatile substances

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Enzymatic activities and protein profile of latex from Calotropis procera

Cited by 98 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of plant latex based anti-termite formulations on Indian white termite &lt;i&gt;Odontotermes obesus&lt;/i&gt; (Isoptera: Odontotermitidae) in sub-tropical high infestation areas

Effects of plant latex based anti-termite formulations on Indian white termite &lt;i&gt;Odontotermes obesus&lt;/i&gt; (Isoptera: Odontotermitidae) in sub-tropical high infestation areas

CARDINAL TEMPERATURES FOR GERMINATION OF THE MEDICINAL ANDDESERT PLANT, Calotropis procera

Latex fluids are endowed with insect repellent activity not specifically related to their proteins or volatile substances

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Product

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Effects of plant latex based anti-termite formulations on Indian white termite <i>Odontotermes obesus</i> (Isoptera: Odontotermitidae) in sub-tropical high infestation areas

Effects of plant latex based anti-termite formulations on Indian white termite <i>Odontotermes obesus</i> (Isoptera: Odontotermitidae) in sub-tropical high infestation areas