Enzymatic Activities and Glutathione Content of Erythrocytes in the Newborn: Comparison with Red Cells of Older Normal Subjects and those with Comparable Reticulocytosis

Konrad, Patricia N.; Valentine, William N.; Paglia, Donald E.

doi:10.1159/000208458

Cited by 72 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Low activities of glutathione peroxidase in cord blood were previously reported by many authors (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) It is worth mentioning that no correlation was found between the levels of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymatic activities present in cord blood and the levels of bilirubin during the first days of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities in Maternal and Cord Blood Erythrocytes

Agostoni¹,

Gerli²,

Beretta³

et al. 1980

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Summary: The "antioxidant" enzymes Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were assayed in a biological model with low oxygen tension (red cells from cord blood of newborn infants). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in red cells of newborns were significantly lower when compared with their mothers and with normal controls. In contrast, Superoxide dismutase activity was unchanged. Thus, normal activities of Superoxide dismutase seem to be necessary in order to protect red blood cells from Superoxide radicals during foetal life, while even low activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase are sufficient to protect red blood cells from hydrogen peroxide. No correlation was found between the "antioxidant" enzyme activities present in cord blood erythrocytes and the bilirubin concentrations during the first days of life. Nabelschnurblut-Erythrocyten Superoxiddismutase-, Katalase· und Glutathionperoxidase-Aktivitäten in mütterlichen und

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities in Maternal and Cord Blood Erythrocytes

Agostoni¹,

Gerli²,

Beretta³

et al. 1980

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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“…Therefore, enzyme activities in neonatal erythrocytes have to be compared with cell populations of similar age distribution. Most authors compared neonatal erythrocytes with blood of comparable reticulocytosis (Konrad et al (13), Gahr et al (6), Oski (16)). The number of reticulocytes, however, is a very uncertain marker for the mean cell age of the whole cell population, for reticulocytes lose their substantia granulofilamentosa after 2 days; later on the young cells cannot be distinguished from old cells by visual methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Properties in Red Blood Cells of Newborn Infants

Gahr¹,

Meves²,

Schröter³

1979

Pediatr Res

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SummaryIn order to identify the fetal features in neonatal erythrocytes, cord blood was separated into seven fractions of varying specific density. Cell age in the single fractions was ascertained by means of reticulocyte count, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity, and hemoglobin F concentration. The same procedures were used with blood of adults. With the exception of the fraction of neonatal blood with the highest specific density, the blood from neonates and adults correlated well for cell age and specific density. The highest specific density fraction of neonatal blood was found to contain a higher proportion of younger cells.The comparison of enzyme activities in the single fractions between neonates and adults showed that a high activity of glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase and enolase and a low activity of phosphofructokinase are typical fetal signs of neonatal cells. SpeculationThe changing constitution of red blood cells (RBC), which were observed during the first months of life may be a part of the differentiation process. Due to their good accessibility and their relatively simple metabolism, erythrocytes from neonates can serve as a good in vivo model that helps to clarify the process of differentiation.As a part of the differentiation process the properties distinguishing neonatal from adult erythrocytes (17) are lost during the first months of life and are replaced by the corresponding adult properties. To examine the factors and mechanisms that govern the process of differentiation, it is first necessary to define the fetal properties of neonatal red cells.Due to the shorter lifespan of fetal erythrocytes and the higher proportion of young cells in blood of newborn infants, direct comparison with adult red cells is not possible. Therefore, in this study, a fractionation method was used that separated blood in subpopulations of cell age to better define the typical fetal signs of neonatal red cells. MATERIALS

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“…Four other enzymes were found to have significantly higlier activities in the neonate than in adults with reticulocytosis. Four enzymes, including adenylate kinase, were found to have lower activities in the neonate than in adults with or without reticulocytosis [12]. Thus, tliere are many differences in enzyme activity between erythrocytes from neonates and from adults, some of which appear to be related to the age of the cell.…”

Section: Aprt In Young and Old Cellsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…T h e activities of a number of enzymes have been found to be higlier in erythrocytes from neonates than from adults [12]. However, these changes do not all correlate well with tlie age of the erythrocyte.…”

Section: Aprt In Young and Old Cellsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Increased Activity of Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase in Erythrocytes of Normal Newborn Infants

1974

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ExtractTransient elevation of the activity of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) was found along with hyperuricemia in an infant in the neonatal period. A systematic investigation was begun of the activity of the phosphoribosyltransferases in the first days of life. Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) were assayed using radiochemical methods in which the nucleotide products of the enzymatic reactions are precipitated with lanthanum chloride. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) was assayed using a method based on the utilization of PRPP in a system containing (14C)adenine and APRT. The activity of APRT in the neonate was found to exceed consistently that of the adult. The degree of elevation was as great as that observed in patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. The mean value of APRT in the adult was 665 nmol AMP/min/ml packed cells, whereas in the neonate the mean value was 1,150. The difference between neonate and adult was significant statistically at the <0.001 level.Erythrocytes of adults were fractionated into young and old cells. The activity of APRT in the young cells from each individual was 1.5-2.1 times that of the old cells. The concentrations of PRPP were significantly greater in the erythrocytes of neonates than in those of adults (P < 0.001). The mean concentration in the infants was 2.4 times the adult mean value.I t was concluded that the elevated activity of APRT in the neonate reflected partly a young population of cells and partly a stabilization by PRPP of APRT against the attrition of aging. SpeculationThe activity of APRT was first found to be elevated in the erythrocytes of patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. I t has been found to be elevated to an identical degree in patients with partial deficiency of H G P R T and with overproduction of uric acid without abnormality in HGPRT. Now it is apparent that APRT is elevated to precisely the same degree in the normal newborn infant. These observations speak , for a common mechanism of biologic control.

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Enzymatic Activities and Glutathione Content of Erythrocytes in the Newborn: Comparison with Red Cells of Older Normal Subjects and those with Comparable Reticulocytosis

Cited by 72 publications

References 18 publications

Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities in Maternal and Cord Blood Erythrocytes

Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities in Maternal and Cord Blood Erythrocytes

Fetal Properties in Red Blood Cells of Newborn Infants

Increased Activity of Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase in Erythrocytes of Normal Newborn Infants

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