Enzootic equine cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela

A total of 519 wild animals belonging to eleven species were collected during a two year study in a cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area in Venezuela (La Matica, Lara State). The animals were captured in home-made Tomahawk-like traps baited with maize, bananas or other available local fruits, and parasites were isolated from 27 specimens. Two different species were found naturally infected with flagellates, i.e., cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and black rats (Rattus rattus).Characterization of the parasites using PCR, kDNA restriction pattern and hybridization with species-specific probes revealed the presence of Leishmania (L.) mexicana in three of the black rats and Leishmania (V.) braziliensis in two others. The latter species was also identified in the single positive specimen of S. hispidus. The results suggested both species of animals as possible reservoirs of Leishmania sp.

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“…Domestic animals such as equines and cats have been reported infected with L. (V.) braziliensis (Bonfante et al 1981). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work carried out by Bonfante-Garrido et al (1981) demonstrated the presence of L. braziliensis in domestic animals but with clinical manifestations similar to human disease. The relationship of this parasite with wild animals has not yet been demonstrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and Black Rats (Rattus rattus) as Possible Reservoirs of Leishmania spp. in Lara State, Venezuela

Lima

Guglielmo

Rodríguez

et al. 2002

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…L. (V.) braziliensis was isolated from the three types of hosts and identified by zymodeme and serodeme analysis. Such findings have led to the suggestion that equids could be, as well as dogs, the reservoirs of human CL caused by L. (V.) braziliensis in Central and South America [12,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Leishmania Spp In Infected Equids Of the New And Old Worldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of the equine population by Leishmania parasites

Mhadhbi

Sassi

2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Infection of equids by Leishmania (L.) parasites was previously described in both the Old and New World, particularly in Central and South America. Equine cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by the Leishmania species, L. Viannia (V.) braziliensis and L. infantum, previously identified in humans and other parasite hosts living in the same geographic endemic areas. Sporadic autochthonous clinical cases, with no travel history, were documented in several countries including Germany, Portugal, Spain, Texas and Brazil; L. infantum and L. (Mundinia) martiniquensis were the infectious species. Prevalence of subclinical infections is extremely low and CL is observed in only a small proportion of infected animals with the appearance of single or multiple cutaneous lesions located on the head, external ear, scrotum, legs and the neck. To date, there has been no report of visceral abnormalities. However, the mild clinical profile of the disease and its spontaneous regression may indicate that skin lesions related to Leishmania infection is underdiagnosed. Importantly, although the prevalence of Leishmania infections in the equine population is low, a risk may rise from its potential involvement in the parasite transmission cycles as a source of infection for phlebotomine vectors and susceptible mammalian hosts. This review article summarises our current knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of Leishmania‐infected equids.

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“…In Venezuela, donkeys (Equus asinus), dogs, and cats have been reported infected. [167][168][169][170] The importance of dogs as a reservoir of this parasite has been reported. 171 In Venezuela, the transmission seemed to occur peri-domestically by Lu.…”

Section: Leishmania (L) Deanei Reservoir Hosts Deane and Others Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of the Leishmania Species in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex

Rotureau

2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In the Guianan ecoregion complex, at least seven Leishmania species belonging to both the L. (Leishmania) Saf' janova, 1982 and L. (Viannia) Lainson and Shaw, 1987 sub-genera are causative agents of American visceral leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and cutaneous leishmaniases, including localized and diffuse forms. They are mostly sylvatic species subjugated to their own specific Lutzomyia sand fly vectors and to particular wild mammalian reservoir hosts of the dense rain forest. Originally implicated strictly in wild zoonoses and developing in forested ecotopes, Leishmania show a particular adaptive plasticity to face environmental modifications following deforestation and anthropization. This review presents the different pathogenic complexes of these parasites, emphasizes their implication in human diseases, and considers the influence of humans on their ecology.

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Enzootic equine cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and Black Rats (Rattus rattus) as Possible Reservoirs of Leishmania spp. in Lara State, Venezuela

Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and Black Rats (Rattus rattus) as Possible Reservoirs of Leishmania spp. in Lara State, Venezuela

Infection of the equine population by Leishmania parasites

Ecology of the Leishmania Species in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex

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