Enzootic Angiostrongyliasis in Guangzhou, China, 2008–2010

Xiao, Yang; ZhenYu, Qu; He, Hualiang; Zheng, Xiaoying; He, Anbang; Wu, Yu; Liu, Qian; Zhang, Dongjing; Wu, Zhongdao; Li, Zhuoya; Zhan, Xi

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0532

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In comparison with some other cities/provinces in China, e.g., Shenzhen [ 26 ] and Xiamen [ 27 ] and Hainan [ 28 ], the infection rates of P. canaliculata were lower than those from our findings, but they were higher in Dali [ 29 ] and Guangzhou [ 30 ]. However, our reported rate of infected rats was lower than those reported in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil [ 31 ], Canary Islands [ 32 ] and Nueva Ecija in the Philippines [ 33 ]; while it was higher than those found in Guangzhou [ 34 ] and Zhongshan [ 35 ] in China.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Small-scale spatial analysis of intermediate and definitive hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2018

Infect Dis Poverty

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BackgroundAngiostrongyliasis is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis. Human infection is caused by infection with the third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The life cycle of A. cantonensis involves rodents as definitive hosts and molluscs as intermediate hosts. This study aims to investigate on the infection status and characteristics of spatial distribution of these hosts, which are key components in the strategy for the prevention and control of angiostrongyliasis.MethodsThree villages from Nanao Island, Guangdong Province, China, were chosen as study area by stratified random sampling. The density and natural infection of Pomacea canaliculata and various rat species were surveyed every three months from December 2015 to September 2016, with spatial correlations of the positive P. canaliculata and the infection rates analysed by ArcGIS, scan statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models.ResultsA total of 2192 P. canaliculata specimens were collected from the field, of which 1190 were randomly chosen to be examined for third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis. Seventy-two Angiostrongylus-infected snails were found, which represents a larval infection rate of 6.1% (72/1190). In total, 110 rats including 85 Rattus norvegicus, 10 R. flavipectus, one R. losea and 14 Suncus murinus were captured, and 32 individuals were positive (for adult worms), representing an infection rate of 29.1% of the definitive hosts (32/110). Worms were only found in R. norvegicus and R. flavipectus, representing a prevalence of 36.5% (31/85) and 10% (1/10), respectively in these species, but none in R. losea and S. murinus, despite testing as many as 32 of the latter species. Statistically, spatial correlation and spatial clusters in the spatial distribution of positive P. canaliculata and positive rats existed. Most of the spatial variability of the host infection rates came from spatial autocorrelation. Nine spatial clusters with respect to positive P. canaliculata were identified, but only two correlated to infection rates. The results show that corrected Akaike information criterion, R2, R2 adjusted and σ2 in the GWR model were superior to those in the OLS model.ConclusionsP. canaliculata and rats were widely distributed in Nanao Island and positive infection has also been found in the hosts, demonstrating that there was a risk of angiostrongyliasis in this region of China. The distribution of positive P. canaliculata and rats exhibited spatial correlation, and the GWR model had advantage over the OLS model in the spatial analysis of hosts of A. cantonensis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0482-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Small-scale spatial analysis of intermediate and definitive hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2018

Infect Dis Poverty

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“…The diversity of gastropods now known to carry Angiostrongylus cantonensis encompasses a broad phylogenetic range of both terrestrial and freshwater species ( Figure 3 ; Appendix S1 ). A single fully marine species ( Discotectonica acutissima : Architectonicidae) has also been reported as testing positive for A. cantonensis [57] but this is a sublittoral (50–200 m depth) species [58] and the finding may be incorrect. Previous studies had identified species in 33 families as natural hosts of A. cantonensis , with the present study adding three more: Achatinellidae, Assimineidae and Oxychilidae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Gastropod Hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the Rat Lungworm, Globally and with a Focus on the Hawaiian Islands

et al. 2014

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Eosinophilic meningitis caused by the parasitic nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an emerging infectious disease with recent outbreaks primarily in tropical and subtropical locations around the world, including Hawaii. Humans contract the disease primarily through ingestion of infected gastropods, the intermediate hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Effective prevention of the disease and control of the spread of the parasite require a thorough understanding of the parasite's hosts, including their distributions, as well as the human and environmental factors that contribute to transmission. The aim of this study was to screen a large cross section of gastropod species throughout the main Hawaiian Islands to determine which act as hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and to assess the parasite loads in these species. Molecular screening of 7 native and 30 non-native gastropod species revealed the presence of the parasite in 16 species (2 native, 14 non-native). Four of the species tested are newly recorded hosts, two species introduced to Hawaii (Oxychilus alliarius, Cyclotropis sp.) and two native species (Philonesia sp., Tornatellides sp.). Those species testing positive were from a wide diversity of heterobranch taxa as well as two distantly related caenogastropod taxa. Review of the global literature showed that many gastropod species from 34 additional families can also act as hosts. There was a wide range of parasite loads among and within species, with an estimated maximum of 2.8 million larvae in one individual of Laevicaulis alte. This knowledge of the intermediate host range of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and the range of parasite loads will permit more focused efforts to detect, monitor and control the most important hosts, thereby improving disease prevention in Hawaii as well as globally.

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“…Prevention and control of this foodborne zoonotic disease is a matter of considerable importance, and for this preventing infection is the most essential step [17], [18]. However, A. cantonensis infection can take place not only by ingestion of intermediate hosts but also by ingestion of vegetables and drinking water and through hand-to-mouth contact after touching a contaminated object [3], [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development-Specific Differences in the Proteomics of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

et al. 2013

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Angiostrongyliasis is an emerging communicable disease. Several different hosts are required to complete the life cycle of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. However, we lack a complete understanding of variability of proteins across different developmental stages and their contribution to parasite survival and progression. In this study, we extracted soluble proteins from various stages of the A. cantonensis life cycle [female adults, male adults, the fifth-stage female larvae (FL5), the fifth-stage male larvae (ML5) and third-stage larvae (L3)], separated those proteins using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) at pH 4–7, and analyzed the gel images using DeCyder 7.0 software. This proteomic analysis produced a total of 183 different dominant protein spots. Thirty-seven protein spots were found to have high confidence scores (>95%) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Comparative proteomic analyses revealed that 29 spots represented cytoskeleton-associated proteins and functional proteins. Eight spots were unnamed proteins. Twelve protein spots that were matched to the EST of different-stage larvae of A. cantonensis were identified. Two genes and the internal control 18s were chosen for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and the qPCR results were consistent with those of the DIGE studies. These findings will provide a new basis for understanding the characteristics of growth and development of A. cantonensis and the host–parasite relationship. They may also assist searches for candidate proteins suitable for use in diagnostic assays and as drug targets for the control of eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis.

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Enzootic Angiostrongyliasis in Guangzhou, China, 2008–2010

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Small-scale spatial analysis of intermediate and definitive hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Small-scale spatial analysis of intermediate and definitive hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Diverse Gastropod Hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the Rat Lungworm, Globally and with a Focus on the Hawaiian Islands

Development-Specific Differences in the Proteomics of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

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