Environmentally significant volatile organic pollutants in human blood

Evaluation of dynamic headspace with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethanol, and trichloroacetic acid in biological samples

“…That we did not observe a significant increase in sensitivity using dynamic headspace over static headspace can most likely be explained by the lower sample vial temperatures used in dynamic headspace analysis (40 • C). The sensitivity of analysis of MC using this technique is also similar to static headspace or other purge and trap methods [19,20]. Detection/quantitation limits of MC in blood and urine from various studies are presented in Table 6.…”

Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene

“…Exposure to ethylbenzene may be determined by the detection of mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid in urine (Bardodej and Bardodejova 1970) or by direct detection of ethylbenzene in whole human blood (Antoine et al 1986;Ashley et al 1992;Cramer et al 1988) or urine (Wang et al 2007). However, mandelic acid and phenylglyoxilic acid are also metabolites of styrene (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1992).…”

“…Numerous studies indicate that environmental exposures to ethylbenzene can result in detectable levels in human tissues (Antoine et al 1986;Cramer et al 1988;Pellizzari et al 1982;Wolff 1976;Wolff et al 1977) and in expired air (Conkle et al 1975;Engstrom and Bjurstrom 1978;EPA 1984e). Analysis of blood specimens from a test population of 250 patients (Antoine et al 1986) and composite samples obtained from blood donations of laboratory personnel with potentially low-level exposure (Cramer et al 1988) indicated ethylbenzene concentrations in the blood to range from below detection limits to 59 ppb.…”

“…Analysis of blood specimens from a test population of 250 patients (Antoine et al 1986) and composite samples obtained from blood donations of laboratory personnel with potentially low-level exposure (Cramer et al 1988) indicated ethylbenzene concentrations in the blood to range from below detection limits to 59 ppb. Similarly, ethylbenzene was detected in 8 of 12 milk samples from lactating women living in various urban areas of the United States with high probability of emissions of pollutants (Pellizzari et al 1982).…”

Quantification of 31 volatile organic compounds in whole blood using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry☆

“…Previous methods for quantifying VOCs in blood lacked either sensitivity, ruggedness, throughput, or broad applicability [13][14][15][16]. Therefore, we developed an improved method for quantifying 31 target VOCs in 3 mL of whole blood using headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with capillary gas chromatography (GC) and quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS).…”