Environmentally persistent pathogens present unique challenges for studies of host–pathogen interactions: Reply to Field (2018)

Davy, Christina M.; Donaldson, Michael E.; Willis, Craig K. R.; Saville, Barry J.; McGuire, L.; Mayberry, Heather W.; Wilcox, Alana; Wibbelt, Gudrun; Misra, Vikram; Kyle, Christopher J.

doi:10.1002/ece3.4035

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Both viruses infect many, if not most, bats in long-term associations without causing overt disease. The stress of white-nose syndrome, a fungal infection that has decimated some north American bat species, leads to a dramatic increase in corona virus replication in little brown bats, potentially increasing the chances of transmission to other species [9]. Long-term viral persistence followed by stress-induced reactivation could be modeled in tissue-culture where the MERS-coronavirus persistently infected bat cells and the suppression of innate antiviral responses led to increased viral replication [10].…”

Section: New Virus Discovery In Bats: Preparing For Future Zoonotimentioning

confidence: 99%

CSV2018: The 2nd Symposium of the Canadian Society for Virology

Grandvaux

McCormick

2019

Viruses

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The 2nd Symposium of the Canadian Society for Virology (CSV2018) was held in June 2018 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, as a featured event marking the 200th anniversary of Dalhousie University. CSV2018 attracted 175 attendees from across Canada and around the world, more than double the number that attended the first CSV symposium two years earlier. CSV2018 provided a forum to discuss a wide range of topics in virology including human, veterinary, plant, and microbial pathogens. Invited keynote speakers included David Kelvin (Dalhousie University and Shantou University Medical College) who provided a historical perspective on influenza on the 100th anniversary of the 1918 pandemic; Sylvain Moineau (Université Laval) who described CRISPR-Cas systems and anti-CRISPR proteins in warfare between bacteriophages and their host microbes; and Kate O’Brien (then from Johns Hopkins University, now relocated to the World Health Organization where she is Director of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals), who discussed the underlying viral etiology for pneumonia in the developing world, and the evidence for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as a primary cause. Reflecting a strong commitment of Canadian virologists to science communication, CSV2018 featured the launch of Halifax’s first annual Soapbox Science event to enable public engagement with female scientists, and the live-taping of the 499th episode of the This Week in Virology (TWIV) podcast, hosted by Vincent Racaniello (Columbia University) and science writer Alan Dove. TWIV featured interviews of CSV co-founders Nathalie Grandvaux (Université de Montréal) and Craig McCormick (Dalhousie University), who discussed the origins and objectives of the new society; Ryan Noyce (University of Alberta), who discussed technical and ethical considerations of synthetic virology; and Kate O’Brien, who discussed vaccines and global health. Finally, because CSV seeks to provide a better future for the next generation of Canadian virologists, the symposium featured a large number of oral and poster presentations from trainees and closed with the awarding of presentation prizes to trainees, followed by a tour of the Halifax Citadel National Historic Site and an evening of entertainment at the historic Alexander Keith’s Brewery.

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Section: New Virus Discovery In Bats: Preparing For Future Zoonotimentioning

confidence: 99%

CSV2018: The 2nd Symposium of the Canadian Society for Virology

Grandvaux

McCormick

2019

Viruses

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“…It could also improve predictions of the effects of WNS as P. destructans continues to spread [17,25,31,32]. Specifically, the accuracy of such predictions could be improved by understanding whether the molecular response of hibernating bats to P. destructans reflects evolutionary history (i.e., is more similar among related species) or reflects a species' susceptibility, tolerance, or resistance to the pathogen [24,33]. Finally, comparing the molecular response of P. destructans to growth on different species of bat could identify virulence factors produced most consistently by the fungus, which could be targeted for treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inter-individual variation in host responses to disease complicates comparative studies of host–pathogen interactions [ 40 ]. In bats with WNS, individual and interspecific variation can be untangled by collecting paired samples of wing tissue from infected individuals, which do or do not contain lesions [ 8 , 17 , 33 , 34 , 36 ]. These lesion-positive and lesion-negative samples can then be used to compare fungal loads and gene expression by bats and by P. destructans .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional host–pathogen responses of Pseudogymnoascus destructans and three species of bats with white-nose syndrome

et al. 2020

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Understanding how context (e.g., host species, environmental conditions) drives disease susceptibility is an essential goal of disease ecology. We hypothesized that in bat white-nose syndrome (WNS), species-specific host-pathogen interactions may partly explain varying disease outcomes among host species. We characterized bat and pathogen transcriptomes in paired samples of lesion-positive and lesion-negative wing tissue from bats infected with Pseudogymnoascus destructans in three parallel experiments. The first two experiments analyzed samples collected from the susceptible Nearctic Myotis lucifugus and the less-susceptible Nearctic Eptesicus fuscus, following experimental infection and hibernation in captivity under controlled conditions. The third experiment applied the same analyses to paired samples from infected, free-ranging Myotis myotis, a less susceptible, Palearctic species, following natural infection and hibernation (n = 8 sample pairs/species). Gene expression by P. destructans was similar among the three host species despite varying environmental conditions among the three experiments and was similar within each host species between saprophytic contexts (superficial growth on wings) and pathogenic contexts (growth in lesions on the same wings). In contrast, we observed qualitative variation in host response: M. lucifugus and M. myotis exhibited systemic responses to infection, while E. fuscus upregulated a remarkably localized response. Our results suggest potential phylogenetic determinants of response to WNS and can inform further studies of context-dependent host-pathogen interactions.

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Paleolimnological responses of Ecuadorian páramo lakes to local and regional stressors over the last two millennia

et al. 2023

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Increasing surface air temperatures and human influences (e.g., agriculture, grazing, mining, urbanization, tourism) are altering lakes on the Andean páramo of South America, as illustrated by changes in diatom species composition in sediment cores from the region that span the last ~150 years. Previous studies were limited by their relatively short temporal scales and limited spatial coverage. We analyzed sediment cores from the northern (Laguna Piñan) and southern (Laguna Fondococha) Andean páramos of Ecuador. The deposits span the last two millennia and provide a longer-term perspective on past changes in lake ecological and geochemical dynamics.Both lakes show shifts in dominant diatoms through time. Dominant diatom taxa in Fondococha shifted between two Aulacoseira species, and there was a change in the planktic to benthic ratio, a proxy for open-water versus shallow-water habitats. Both changes are interpreted as evidence of fluctuating lake level. The inferred lake-level changes are corroborated by stratigraphic variations in the concentration of Ti, an erosional proxy, indicating changes in clastic input as a function of wetter or drier conditions. Piñan shows a directional shift in the diatom assemblage over the period of the record, from benthic diatoms tolerant of high dissolved organic carbon (DOC), low pH, and low nutrients, to an assemblage characteristic of lower DOC, higher pH, higher nutrients, and higher lake levels. Shifts in Piñan's diatoms are correlated with tephra layers in the sediment, suggesting that local volcanic ash deposition may have altered both the catchment and lake geochemistry. This is supported by relatively higher δ 13 C values in organic matter associated with tephra layers, which become more negative up-section. Our data suggest that remote lakes in spatially heterogenous montane regions are sentinels of environmental change, and the records from Piñan and Fondococha provide insights into Andean ecosystem responses to past environmental perturbations.

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Environmentally persistent pathogens present unique challenges for studies of host–pathogen interactions: Reply to Field (2018)

Abstract: Linked article: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4034

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

CSV2018: The 2nd Symposium of the Canadian Society for Virology

CSV2018: The 2nd Symposium of the Canadian Society for Virology

Transcriptional host–pathogen responses of Pseudogymnoascus destructans and three species of bats with white-nose syndrome

Paleolimnological responses of Ecuadorian páramo lakes to local and regional stressors over the last two millennia

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