Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax

Johnson, Cory; Moss, Tiffanie; Cullis, Christopher A.

doi:10.3791/2332

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Flax fiber is utilized in textile industry; flax seeds are used for production of oil, linoleum, food, and pharmaceutical products [ 13 – 15 ]. Flax genetics and epigenetics are in the focus of research interest [ 16 – 20 ]. In the previous works on flax, the involvement of miRNAs in response to saline and alkaline stresses [ 21 ] and excessive or deficient nutrition [ 22 – 24 ] was shown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR319, miR390, and miR393 Are Involved in Aluminum Response in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Dmitriev

Kudryavtseva

Bolsheva

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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Acid soils limit agricultural production worldwide. Major reason of crop losses in acid soils is the toxicity of aluminum (Al). In the present work, we investigated expression alterations of microRNAs in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) plants under Al stress. Flax seedlings of resistant (TMP1919 and G1071/4_k) and sensitive (Lira and G1071/4_o) to Al cultivars and lines were exposed to AlCl3 solution for 4 and 24 hours. Twelve small RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced using Illumina platform. In total, 97 microRNAs from 18 conserved families were identified. miR319, miR390, and miR393 revealed expression alterations associated with Al treatment of flax plants. Moreover, for miR390 and miR393, the alterations were distinct in sensitive and resistant to Al genotypes. Expression level changes of miR319 and miR390 were confirmed using qPCR analysis. In flax, potential targets of miR319 are TCPs, miR390–TAS3 and GRF5, and miR393–AFB2-coding transcripts. TCPs, TAS3, GRF5, and AFB2 participate in regulation of plant growth and development. The involvement of miR319, miR390, and miR393 in response to Al stress in flax was shown here for the first time. We speculate that these microRNAs play an important role in Al response via regulation of growth processes in flax plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR319, miR390, and miR393 Are Involved in Aluminum Response in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Dmitriev

Kudryavtseva

Bolsheva

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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“…While linseed lines are believed to possess a stable genome, some fibre flax lines have the ability to respond to nutrient stress with heritable genomic alterations (Durrant 1962;Cullis 1973;Johnson et al 2011;Bickel et al 2012). For this reason, flax has been studied as a model of genome plasticity (Cullis 1981(Cullis , 2005Cullis and Cleary 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural organization of fatty acid desaturase loci in linseed lines with contrasting linolenic acid contents

Thambugala

Ragupathy

Cloutier

2016

Funct Integr Genomics

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Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), the richest crop source of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs), is a diploid plant with an estimated genome size of ~370 Mb and is well suited for studying genomic organization of agronomically important traits. In this study, 12 bacterial artificial chromosome clones harbouring the six FA desaturase loci sad1, sad2, fad2a, fad2b, fad3a and fad3b from the conventional variety CDC Bethune and the high linolenic acid line M5791 were sequenced, analysed and compared to determine the structural organization of these loci and to gain insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying FA composition in flax. With one gene every 3.2-4.6 kb, the desaturase loci have a higher gene density than the genome's average of one gene per 7.8-8.2 kb. The gene order and orientation across the two genotypes were generally conserved with the exception of the sad1 locus that was predicted to have additional genes in CDC Bethune. High sequence conservation in both genic and intergenic regions of the sad and fad2b loci contrasted with the significant level of variation of the fad2a and fad3 loci, with SNPs being the most frequently observed mutation type. The fad2a locus had 297 SNPs and 36 indels over ~95 kb contrasting with the fad2b locus that had a mere seven SNPs and four indels in ~110 kb. Annotation of the gene-rich loci revealed other genes of known role in lipid or carbohydrate metabolic/catabolic pathways. The organization of the fad2b locus was particularly complex with seven copies of the fad2b gene in both genotypes. The presence of Gypsy, Copia, MITE, Mutator, hAT and other novel repeat elements at the desaturase loci was similar to that of the whole genome. This structural genomic analysis provided some insights into the genomic organization and composition of the main desaturase loci of linseed and of their complex evolution through both tandem and whole genome duplications.

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“…Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is grown worldwide for fiber and seeds and has attracted the attention of scientists (Muir and Westcott, 2003; Johnson et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2012; Melnikova et al, 2014a,b). L. usitatissimum has 2n = 30 chromosomes, whereas the chromosome number in different species of the genus Linum varies from 2n = 16 to 2n = 84 (Rogers, 1982; Bolsheva et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione S-transferases and UDP-glycosyltransferases Are Involved in Response to Aluminum Stress in Flax

et al. 2016

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About 30% of the world's ice-free land area is occupied by acid soils. In soils with pH below 5, aluminum (Al) releases to the soil solution, and becomes highly toxic for plants. Therefore, breeding of varieties that are resistant to Al is needed. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is grown worldwide for fiber and seed production. Al toxicity in acid soils is a serious problem for flax cultivation. However, very little is known about mechanisms of flax resistance to Al and the genetics of this resistance. In the present work, we sequenced 16 transcriptomes of flax cultivars resistant (Hermes and TMP1919) and sensitive (Lira and Orshanskiy) to Al, which were exposed to control conditions and aluminum treatment for 4, 12, and 24 h. In total, 44.9–63.3 million paired-end 100-nucleotide reads were generated for each sequencing library. Based on the obtained high-throughput sequencing data, genes with differential expression under aluminum exposure were revealed in flax. The majority of the top 50 up-regulated genes were involved in transmembrane transport and transporter activity in both the Al-resistant and Al-sensitive cultivars. However, genes encoding proteins with glutathione transferase and UDP-glycosyltransferase activity were in the top 50 up-regulated genes only in the flax cultivars resistant to aluminum. For qPCR analysis in extended sampling, two UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), and three glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were selected. The general trend of alterations in the expression of the examined genes was the up-regulation under Al stress, especially after 4 h of Al exposure. Moreover, in the flax cultivars resistant to aluminum, the increase in expression was more pronounced than that in the sensitive cultivars. We speculate that the defense against the Al toxicity via GST antioxidant activity is the probable mechanism of the response of flax plants to aluminum stress. We also suggest that UGTs could be involved in cell wall modification and protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to Al stress in L. usitatissimum. Thus, GSTs and UGTs, probably, play an important role in the response of flax to Al via detoxification of ROS and cell wall modification.

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Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

miR319, miR390, and miR393 Are Involved in Aluminum Response in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

miR319, miR390, and miR393 Are Involved in Aluminum Response in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Structural organization of fatty acid desaturase loci in linseed lines with contrasting linolenic acid contents

Glutathione S-transferases and UDP-glycosyltransferases Are Involved in Response to Aluminum Stress in Flax

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