Environmentally induced dispersal‐related life‐history syndrome in the tropical butterfly, <i>Bicyclus anynana</i>

Saastamoinen, Marjo; Brakefield, Paul M.; Ovaskainen, Otso

doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02602.x

Cited by 18 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…The fact that absolute fat and protein content as well as PO activity were higher in females than in males might be related to the females' high need for these substances for egg production. Males generally showed trait combinations indicative of increased flight performance, which may be beneficial in male-male competition and mate location (Davies, 1978;Fischer & Fiedler, 2000;Saastamoinen et al, 2012). Our results based on wet-season butterflies differ from earlier findings, which demonstrate only minor differences in body mass and/or composition between the sexes in the dry-season form, where survival is favoured over reproduction (Oostra et al, 2011).…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Sex On Morphological And Physiolocontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…This matches findings of Saastamoinen et al (2012), where B. anynana males had a higher flight activity crossing a big outdoor tunnel. Males needed fewer touches to keep flying and covered longer distances in the tunnel in Experiment 1.…”

Section: Flight Behaviour In a Butterfly 655supporting

confidence: 88%

“…First, individuals reared at lower temperatures had increased thorax-abdomen ratios caused by higher thorax weights, which is in line with the findings of Saastamoinen et al (2013) as well as Oostra et al (2011), where individuals reared at lower temperatures showed a lower relative contribution of abdomen to total body mass. The same is true for low wing loadings, which allow activity at lower temperatures and reduce the energetic costs of flight (Wickman, 2009;Saastamoinen et al, 2012). Thorax mass and thorax-abdomen ratio indicate the (relative) amount of thoracic muscles and are thus linked to flight performance (Marden, 1989;Thomas et al, 1998;Berwaerts et al, 2002).…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Sex On Morphological And Physiolomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a high PO activity might suggest a higher investment in immune function (Kurtz & Sauer, 2001;Karl et al, 2011), this protein is also strongly involved in egg production (Hill & Pierce, 1989;O'Brien et al, 2004;Bauerfeind & Fischer, 2005). Specifically, they had relatively larger thoraxes, resulting in increased thorax-abdomen ratios and a lower wing loading than females (Berwaerts et al, 2002;Saastamoinen et al, 2012). Such differences may be caused by differences in the reproductive status, active in wet-season but inactive in dry-season butterflies.…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Sex On Morphological And Physiolomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual differences rather than flight performance underlie movement and exploration in a tropical butterfly

Reim

Kahl

Metschke

et al. 2019

Ecological Entomology

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1. Individual movement behaviour governs several routine processes, and may scale up to important ecological processes, including dispersal. However, movement is affected by a wealth of factors, including abiotic conditions, flight performance, and behavioural traits. Although it has been historically assumed that insect flight is in the first place ruled by physiology and morphology, researchers have only recently begun to understand the potentially important role of behavioural traits.2. This study aims to disentangle the relative importance of thermal conditions during development, and especially flight performance (capacity), versus behaviour (intrinsic motivation) in relation to movement attributes (i.e. time until take-off, number of positions visited) under controlled laboratory conditions in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana.3. As predicted, links were found between flight performance (forced flight) and morphological traits (body size). However, this link was less pronounced for movement and exploratory behaviour, suggesting a more pronounced role of intrinsic motivation on the actual decision to move, or not. Thus, flight performance and movement may not be intimately associated.4. Flight behaviour was mainly determined by sexual differences, with males showing better flight performance, higher mobility, and enhanced exploration than females.5. Lower developmental temperatures increased thorax-abdomen ratio, thorax mass, and exploratory behaviour, and decreased wing loading. This may potentially aid flight capacity under thermally challenging conditions. 6. This study adds to the growing evidence that behavioural traits should not be neglected when investigating movement and dispersal, as they may well play a crucially important role.

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Section: Effects Of Temperature and Sex On Morphological And Physiolocontrasting

confidence: 91%

Section: Flight Behaviour In a Butterfly 655supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Sex On Morphological And Physiolomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Sex On Morphological And Physiolomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sexual differences rather than flight performance underlie movement and exploration in a tropical butterfly

Reim

Kahl

Metschke

et al. 2019

Ecological Entomology

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“…In the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana , the flight activity of males is more influenced by environmental conditions than that of the larger females (Saastamoinen et al. 2012). In sum, the flight of females may be more restricted by attaining suitable takeoff body temperature, whereas the flight of males by maintaining body temperature when already in flight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal biology of flight in a butterfly: genotype, flight metabolism, and environmental conditions

Mattila

2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Knowledge of the effects of thermal conditions on animal movement and dispersal is necessary for a mechanistic understanding of the consequences of climate change and habitat fragmentation. In particular, the flight of ectothermic insects such as small butterflies is greatly influenced by ambient temperature. Here, variation in body temperature during flight is investigated in an ecological model species, the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia). Attention is paid on the effects of flight metabolism, genotypes at candidate loci, and environmental conditions. Measurements were made under a natural range of conditions using infrared thermal imaging. Heating of flight muscles by flight metabolism has been presumed to be negligible in small butterflies. However, the results demonstrate that Glanville fritillary males with high flight metabolic rate maintain elevated body temperature better during flight than males with a low rate of flight metabolism. This effect is likely to have a significant influence on the dispersal performance and fitness of butterflies and demonstrates the possible importance of intraspecific physiological variation on dispersal in other similar ectothermic insects. The results also suggest that individuals having an advantage in low ambient temperatures can be susceptible to overheating at high temperatures. Further, tolerance of high temperatures may be important for flight performance, as indicated by an association of heat‐shock protein (Hsp70) genotype with flight metabolic rate and body temperature at takeoff. The dynamics of body temperature at flight and factors affecting it also differed significantly between female and male butterflies, indicating that thermal dynamics are governed by different mechanisms in the two sexes. This study contributes to knowledge about factors affecting intraspecific variation in dispersal‐related thermal performance in butterflies and other insects. Such information is needed for predictive models of the evolution of dispersal in the face of habitat fragmentation and climate change.

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Enhanced dispersal capacity in edge population individuals of a rapidly expanding butterfly

Dederichs,

Fischer,

Michalik

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Natural range shifts offer the opportunity to study the phenotypic and genetic changes contributing to colonization success. The recent range shift of the Southern small white butterfly (Pieris mannii) from the South to the North of Europe offers a prime example to examine a potential dispersal syndrome in range‐expanding individuals. We compared butterflies from the core and edge populations using a multimodal approach addressing behavioral, physiological, and morphological traits related to dispersal capacity. Relative to individuals from the core range (France), individuals from the edge (Germany) showed a higher capacity and motivation to fly, and a higher flight metabolic rate. They were also smaller, which may enhance their flight maneuverability and help them cope with limited resource availability, thereby increasing their settlement success in novel environments. Altogether, the behavioral, physiological, and morphological differences observed between core and edge populations in P. mannii suggest the existence of a dispersal syndrome in range‐expanding individuals. Whether these differences result from genetic and/or phenotypic responses remains, however, to be determined.

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Environmentally induced dispersal‐related life‐history syndrome in the tropical butterfly, Bicyclus anynana

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

Sexual differences rather than flight performance underlie movement and exploration in a tropical butterfly

Sexual differences rather than flight performance underlie movement and exploration in a tropical butterfly

Thermal biology of flight in a butterfly: genotype, flight metabolism, and environmental conditions

Enhanced dispersal capacity in edge population individuals of a rapidly expanding butterfly

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