Environmentally Friendly Polymer Blends Based on Post-Consumer Glycol-Modified Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET-G) Foils and Poly(Ethylene 2,5-Furanoate) (PEF): Preparation and Characterization

Paszkiewicz, Sandra; Irska, Izabela; Piesowicz, Elżbieta

doi:10.3390/ma13122673

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…[48] Moreover, in our earlier works, it was observed, that the longer the diol chain, the faster the polyester crystallizes. [16,49,50] Similar observations have been reported by Chuah, [51] for polyesters based on TPA. Before annealing, both PEF and PTF were amorphous, therefore, only glass transitions can be observed for these polyesters (Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

The effect of annealing on tensile properties of injection molded biopolyesters based on 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid

Zubkiewicz

Paszkiewicz

Szymczyk

2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this study, we investigate four polyesters based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and different diols including 1,2-ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, and 1,6-hexylene glycol. Poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate), poly(propylene 2,5-furanoate), poly(butylene 2,5-furanoate), and poly(hexylene 2,5-furanoate) (PHF) were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, and tensile tests. In addition, the influence of annealing polyesters on their thermal and mechanical properties was investigated. For these reasons samples for the tensile test were prepared by injection molding. The tensile properties of injection molded samples were compared with samples that were additionally annealed after injection molding. All studied polyesters after heating treatment showed multiple melting behavior. The increase in the degree of crystallinity significantly influenced also the mechanical properties of the samples. It was found that the length of the aliphatic chain and degree of crystallinity plays a major role in the final properties of furan-based polyesters.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

The effect of annealing on tensile properties of injection molded biopolyesters based on 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid

Zubkiewicz

Paszkiewicz

Szymczyk

2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…It is well-known that polyesters absorb water, which affects their processing properties, thus of great importance is to evaluate their affinity for water absorption [ 30 ]. Polymer materials absorb water and moisture by various mechanisms [ 9 ]. One of them is due to the diffusion of water molecules to free volume between polymer chains [ 9 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thanks to its chemical structure, FDCA is considered an alternative to terephthalic acid (TPA) [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Therefore, FDCA or its derivatives like dimethyl 2,5-furanodicarboxylate (DMFDC) find use in the synthesis of polyesters [ 9 ]. Studies show that poly(ethylene 2,5-furanodicarboxylate) has a higher tensile modulus and barrier performance than PET [ 4 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Rigid Segment Type on Copoly(ether-ester) Properties

et al. 2021

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The growing ecological awareness of society created the tendency to replace petrochemically based materials with alternative energy carriers and renewable raw materials. One of the most requested groups of polymer materials with significant technological importance is thermoplastic elastomers (TPE). They combine the properties of elastomers such as flexibility with the typical properties of thermoplastics, like easy processing. Herein, one compares the influence of rigid segments on the properties of copoly(ester-ether). Thermoplastic polyesters based on bio-1,6-hexanediol and terephthalic (T), furanic (F), and napthalate (N) diesters, i.e., PHT, PHF, and PHN, were obtained employing melt polycondensation. Additionally, to grant elastic properties of polyesters, systems containing 50 wt.% of bio-based polyTHF®1000 (pTHF) with a molecular mass of 1000 g/mol, have been prepared. The composition and chemical structure have been determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The temperatures corresponding to phase transition changes were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) analyses. The crystalline structure was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Additionally, the influence of pTHF–rich segment on the tensile properties, water absorption, as well as thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, has been analyzed. It was found that incorporation of soft phase allows creation of thermoplastic elastomers with tensile characteristics comparable to the commercially available ones, by means of elongation at break higher than 500%, low values of tensile modulus, without exhibiting yield point.

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“…However, the utilization of PLA in the packaging industry is generally limited to rigid thermoformed items, whereas the application of PLA as a flexible film is limited by its poor deformation at break and toughness, high sensitivity to moisture and relatively low gas barrier properties [ 6 ]. To tackle the intrinsic shortcomings of PLA, and more generally to tailor its physical and mechanical properties, one of the most efficient and inexpensive methods is polymer blending [ 10 , 11 ]. As reported in a recent review by Nofar et al [ 12 ], PLA has been blended with several fossil-based and biobased polymers, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) [ 13 ], poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and polycaprolactone (PCL) [ 14 , 15 ], with the aim of improving its ductility and gas barrier properties especially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctionality of Reduced Graphene Oxide in Bioderived Polylactide/Poly(Dodecylene Furanoate) Nanocomposite Films

et al. 2021

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This work reports on the first attempt to prepare bioderived polymer films by blending polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(dodecylene furanoate) (PDoF). This blend, containing 10 wt% PDoF, was filled with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in variable weight fractions (from 0.25 to 2 phr), and the resulting nanocomposites were characterized to assess their microstructural, thermal, mechanical, optical, electrical, and gas barrier properties. The PLA/PDoF blend resulted as immiscible, and the addition of rGO, which preferentially segregated in the PDoF phase, resulted in smaller (from 2.6 to 1.6 µm) and more irregularly shaped PDoF domains and in a higher PLA/PDoF interfacial interaction, which suggests the role of rGO as a blend compatibilizer. rGO also increased PLA crystallinity, and this phenomenon was more pronounced when PDoF was also present, thus evidencing a synergism between PDoF and rGO in accelerating the crystallization kinetics of PLA. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) showed that the glass transition of PDoF, observed at approx. 5 °C, shifted to a higher temperature upon rGO addition. The addition of 10 wt% PDoF in PLA increased the strain at break from 5.3% to 13.0% (+145%), and the addition of 0.25 phr of rGO increased the tensile strength from 35.6 MPa to 40.2 MPa (+13%), without significantly modifying the strain at break. Moreover, rGO decreased the electrical resistivity of the films, and the relatively high percolation threshold (between 1 and 2 phr) was probably linked to the low aspect ratio of rGO nanosheets and their preferential distribution inside PDoF domains. PDoF and rGO also modified the optical transparency of PLA, resulting in a continuous decrease in transmittance in the visible/NIR range. Finally, rGO strongly modified the gas barrier properties, with a remarkable decrease in diffusivity and permeability to gases such as O2, N2, and CO2. Overall, the presented results highlighted the positive and sometimes synergistic role of PDoF and rGO in tuning the thermomechanical and functional properties of PLA, with simultaneous enhancement of ductility, crystallization kinetics, and gas barrier performance, and these novel polymer nanocomposites could thus be promising for packaging applications.

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Environmentally Friendly Polymer Blends Based on Post-Consumer Glycol-Modified Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET-G) Foils and Poly(Ethylene 2,5-Furanoate) (PEF): Preparation and Characterization

Cited by 30 publications

References 70 publications

The effect of annealing on tensile properties of injection molded biopolyesters based on 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid

The effect of annealing on tensile properties of injection molded biopolyesters based on 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid

Influence of Rigid Segment Type on Copoly(ether-ester) Properties

Multifunctionality of Reduced Graphene Oxide in Bioderived Polylactide/Poly(Dodecylene Furanoate) Nanocomposite Films

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