“…Moreover, roots, barks, leaves, flowers, and seeds are the common source of plant-based natural dyes [26,31]. Cinnabar, manganese oxide, and various copper salts were used for wall paintings in the prehistoric era, which are supposed to be the first mineral-based natural dyes [32,33]. Ochre was used to dye nuns' clothes that contain hydrated alumina oxide, silica, and hydrated iron oxide.…”
Section: Classification According To the Chemical Composition And Sourcementioning
With the improvement of living standards, everybody is very much conscious about the environmental protection and health safety. Natural dyes have attracted more attention to the industry due to exhibiting better biodegradability and more compatibility with the environment. Characteristic colours that are gathered from common assets can be categorized as either plant, creature, mineral, or microbial colours and can be used for colouring a wide range of regular filaments. Late examination shows that it can likewise be utilized to colour a portion of the manufactured filaments too. Normal colours are not just utilized in the shading of material filaments, they are also utilized for food, prescriptions, handiwork articles, and leather preparing. Extraction and purification play a vital role in the processing of natural dyes. There are different types of extraction process currently available for these natural dyes, such as solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, enzymatic extraction and fermentation, extraction with microwave or ultrasonic energy, supercritical fluid extraction, and alkaline or acid extraction. All these extraction processes have their own advantages as well as some drawbacks depending on the parameters that need to be maintained during the extraction process. Appropriate extraction can be beneficial for specific types of such dyes. In this paper, the classification, characteristics, extraction methods, and the application of natural dyes are introduced in an organized manner.
“…Moreover, roots, barks, leaves, flowers, and seeds are the common source of plant-based natural dyes [26,31]. Cinnabar, manganese oxide, and various copper salts were used for wall paintings in the prehistoric era, which are supposed to be the first mineral-based natural dyes [32,33]. Ochre was used to dye nuns' clothes that contain hydrated alumina oxide, silica, and hydrated iron oxide.…”
Section: Classification According To the Chemical Composition And Sourcementioning
With the improvement of living standards, everybody is very much conscious about the environmental protection and health safety. Natural dyes have attracted more attention to the industry due to exhibiting better biodegradability and more compatibility with the environment. Characteristic colours that are gathered from common assets can be categorized as either plant, creature, mineral, or microbial colours and can be used for colouring a wide range of regular filaments. Late examination shows that it can likewise be utilized to colour a portion of the manufactured filaments too. Normal colours are not just utilized in the shading of material filaments, they are also utilized for food, prescriptions, handiwork articles, and leather preparing. Extraction and purification play a vital role in the processing of natural dyes. There are different types of extraction process currently available for these natural dyes, such as solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, enzymatic extraction and fermentation, extraction with microwave or ultrasonic energy, supercritical fluid extraction, and alkaline or acid extraction. All these extraction processes have their own advantages as well as some drawbacks depending on the parameters that need to be maintained during the extraction process. Appropriate extraction can be beneficial for specific types of such dyes. In this paper, the classification, characteristics, extraction methods, and the application of natural dyes are introduced in an organized manner.
“…Indigo dyeing in Taiwan obtains materials from local sources that are planted and manufactured again and again. The extracted plant residue is able to make compost, and the dyeing water is used for repeated irrigation [17,18].…”
Various colors of clothing originating from synthetic dyes are presently causing serious environmental pollution problems, whereas natural dyes extracted from natural indigo plants help reduce the harm to the environment and extend the sustainable use of clothing. This study focuses on the relation between indigo dyeing colors and the environment on the basis of sustainable design. The results reveal that light colors are considered to conform to the sustainable spirit more than dark colors in different indigo colors. In fact, the recyclable light-colored indigo dyeing t-shirt is beneficial in its reuse. Indigo dyeing fabric can be decomposed by a variety of microorganisms; however, the light-colored indigo dyeing takes a short time. Light colored indigo dyeing is more resource-saving when considering dye, water and electricity costs. The results of colors and environmental protection provide scheme references to consumers or industry for clothing collocation of different indigo dyeing colors for a series of blue clothing and carry out the ideal of the sustainability and co-existence between clothing and natural resources.
“…Plant-based dyes are the largest group of natural dyes that are extracted from the stem, leaves, flowers and roots of the plant (Adeel et al , 2019). Considering that these dyes are from nature their waste management is not an issue, as the products used are biodegradable and in some cases, the wastes have been found to be good agricultural fertilizer making the entire process an eco-innovation (Saxena and Raja, 2014).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Natural dyes are non-carcinogenic, biodegradable and not allergic to the skin (Gulzar et al , 2015). In addition majority of natural dyes can absorb the toxic substances from industrial wastes helping in the decontamination of the environment (Adeel et al , 2019). Extraction of natural dyes from waste materials is an efficient way of preservation of the environment, as well as a cheaper means of obtaining the natural dye.…”
Purpose
The majority of the synthetic dyes have been found to be non-biodegradable, toxic and carcinogenic. As a result, there has been a growing trend toward the use of natural dyes as alternates to synthetic dyes. This shift calls for more research to come up with more sources of natural dyes to satisfy their increasing demand. Euclea divinorum plant has been used traditionally as a source of dye, however, its textile dyeing properties have not been studied. This study aims to determine the textile dyeing properties of E. divinorum extract.
Design/methodology/approach
Optimization of dyeing conditions of Euclea divinorum natural dye extract on the cotton fabric was done using response surface methodology (RSM). The combined effects of examined dyeing conditions on the relative color strength (K/S) were studied using a central composite experimental design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance of the statistical model generated for the study. Mordanting effects were measured using standard ISO wash, rub and lightfastness tests.
Findings
The optimum dyeing conditions were found to be 68 min, pH 3.3 and 82°C with color strength 0.609. Temperature and pH showed some interaction effects during the dyeing experiments. The predicted optimum K/S value was validated experimentally using the optimum conditions and was found to be in agreement with the experimental values. All the metallic mordants used enhanced the color strength and provided a variety of brown shades, therefore, a suitable alternative for the toxic synthetic dyes.
Originality/value
Optimization of dyeing conditions of Euclea divinorum dye on cotton using RSM and mordanting at optimal conditions has not been done elsewhere.
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