Environmentally Friendly Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Leaf for the Removal of Toxic Reactive Green Dye

Abstract

Activated carbon (palm leaf): low-cost sorbents, successfully used for dye adsorption from wastewater preparation of palm leaf, obtained from the grower in Iraq and dry in sunlight and im-pregnated to 3% HNO3 and then dried for 24 hours at 90°C. The adsorption was proved via way of utilizing the (FTIR) and (FE-SEM) analysis, it was observed that there is no change in the beam before and after adsorption only shifts in intensity, evidence of physical adsorption, and FESEM appear image before adsorption contains many smaller granules that are not clustered together and spread on the surface, but after the adsorption we notice the swelling of these particles and they form irregular clusters, evidence of loading the dye inside these granules, which led to swelling. The kinetic model experimental result was carried out via two models fi rst and second order, utilized to describe the adsorption process. Second model kinetic by greater than R2= 0.9864. The study discusses the thermodynamic Factors having changes in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. Through the results, it was found that the adsorption process is an endothermic and spontaneous reaction.

Eco-Friendly Adsorption of Cationic (Methylene Blue) and Anionic (Congo Red) Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Sawdust

“…The FESEM image in Figure 1a reveals lamellar aggregates forming a porous and rough surface, enhancing the material's absorbance capability by facilitating water diffusion. After adsorption, Figure 1b illustrates a change in surface morphology, such as the disappearance of surface roughness, indicating the fullness of active sites [16,17]. Figure 1c showcases dark spots via TEM, evidencing active sites contributing to adsorption and increased surface efficiency [18].…”

“…Figure 5 displays the extraordinary influence of pH on the adsorbent surface and MB and CR dye ionization. MB dye sorption was almost constant at pH 6 to 10, but decreased at pH 3, whereas CR dye showed better removal in acidic media, depending on the surface charge [17,18,20,28,29].…”

Analytical and Biological Evaluation of Chromium Complex with Organic Detector NTADBrP: Stability, Calibration, and Inhibition Studies

“…The thiazole ring C=N showed an absorption at 1679.24 cm −1 , while for the azo group N=N, the absorption spectrum exhibited a frequency within the range of 1564.37 cm −1 to 1458.08 cm −1 [23]. The C-S group of the thiazole ring displayed absorption spectra at 1265.22 cm −1 and 1211.21 cm −1 , and the absorption frequency at 840.91 cm −1 corresponds to the C-Br bond.…”

Characterization and Removal Efficiency Analysis of MWCNT/Clay Nanocomposites for MB Dye Adsorption

“…A noticeable change in morphology is evident after adsorption, as Figure 3B displays new, unequal, large particles on the surface. Such changes result in an increased protuberance and coarseness of the surface structure that was absent prior to adsorption [19,20].…”