Environmentally Benign Production of Commodity Chemicals Through Biotechnology

Webster, Leland C.; Anastas, Paul T.; Williamson, Tracy C.

doi:10.1021/bk-1996-0626.ch015

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…More sophisticated rational approaches, in which pathways are manipulated through the replacement or alteration of the genes normally present, have replaced the classical random mutagenesis [110,143,144]. Among several methods developed recently, metabolic pathway engineering [145] and combinatorial biosynthesis [146] have garnered the most attention, due to their effectiveness in generating new chemical entities. The basic premise of these methods is that genes from different organisms are combined and expressed in a single host strain in an attempt to reroute the biosynthetic intermediates to new final products.…”

Section: Glycodiversification Via Pathway Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilizing a high-throughput colorimetric screen, one particular GalK mutant carrying a single amino acid exchange (Y371H) was obtained in a single round of random mutagenesis on the galactokinase (galK ) gene from E. coli . GalK Y371H displays a surprisingly substantial degree of kinase activity toward sugars as diverse as D-talose (142), L-altrose (141), D-galacturonic acid (144), and L-glucose (145), all of which were not substrates for the wild-type GalK (Scheme 15b). This mutant tolerates substitutions at C-2, C-3, C-5, and C-6 of D-galactose, but maintains a stringent requirement for the axial 4-OH group.…”

Section: Scheme 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathway and Enzyme Engineering and Applications for Glycodiversification

Zhao

Liu²

2010

Enzyme Technologies

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Section: Glycodiversification Via Pathway Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scheme 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathway and Enzyme Engineering and Applications for Glycodiversification

Zhao

Liu²

2010

Enzyme Technologies

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Fermentation

Junker

2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Fermentation processes, products, and economic aspects are summarized according to the product classes of primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, biomass, enzymes (and whole cell biocatalysts), and biologicals. Although the information is focused on aerobic stirred tank processes, anaerobic, bubble column, and/or immobilized production techniques are referenced where applicable. Advantages of biochemical production over strictly synthetic processes are discussed. The history of fermentation is described at time periods of pre‐1700s, 1700s–1900, 1900–1945, 1945–1960, 1960–1970, 1970–1995, and 1995 to the present. This progression is followed by an overview of microbiological and fermentation principles, equipment requirements, inoculum development and scale‐up techniques, utilities, and regulatory considerations. Throughout this article specific product and process examples are included.

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Biosynthese von Naturstoffzuckern und enzymatische Glycodiversifizierung

2008

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Viele biologisch aktive niedermolekulare Naturstoffe, die von Mikroorganismen produziert werden, leiten ihre Aktivitäten von Zuckersubstituenten ab. Eine Veränderung der Struktur dieser Zucker kann starke Auswirkungen auf die biologischen Eigenschaften der Stammverbindungen haben. Diese Erkenntnis hat zu Bestrebungen geführt, die Zuckerreste dieser Naturstoffe mithilfe des Zuckerbiosyntheseapparats zu derivatisieren. Hierfür müssen die jeweiligen Biosynthesewege und die Mechanismen der Schlüsselenzyme im Detail bekannt sein. In der Biochemie beginnt man allmählich, die Biosyntheseprinzipien, die dem Aufbau vieler glycosylierter Naturstoffe zugrunde liegen, zu verstehen, und man konnte einen Satz von Enzymaktivitäten ausmachen, die für die Synthese der vielfältigen in der Natur beobachteten Zuckerstrukturen zuständig sind. Bemerkenswerterweise zeigen viele dieser Zuckerbiosyntheseenzyme ebenso wie Glycosyltransferasen eine relaxierte Substratspezifität. Die Promiskuität dieser Enzyme führte zu Bestrebungen, die Zuckerstrukturen zu modifizieren und die Glycosylierungsmuster von Naturstoffen durch Planung der Stoffwechselwege oder durch enzymatische Glycodiversifizierung zu verändern. In der praktischen biomedizinischen Forschung werden diese Studien zur Entwicklung neuer Glycosylierungsmittel führen und bei Sekundärmetaboliten neue Glycoformen mit nützlichen biologischen Aktivitäten hervorbringen.

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Environmentally Benign Production of Commodity Chemicals Through Biotechnology

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Pathway and Enzyme Engineering and Applications for Glycodiversification

Pathway and Enzyme Engineering and Applications for Glycodiversification

Fermentation

Biosynthese von Naturstoffzuckern und enzymatische Glycodiversifizierung

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